Effects of Chemicals on Egg Shell Formation

Mueller, W; Leach, R. M.

doi:10.1146/annurev.pa.14.040174.001445

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The effect has been confirmed repeatedly and is specific because substitution -of the sulfonamide group abolishes both enzyme inhibition and shell thinning (for references see Mueller and Leach, 1974). The effect has been confirmed repeatedly and is specific because substitution -of the sulfonamide group abolishes both enzyme inhibition and shell thinning (for references see Mueller and Leach, 1974).…”

Section: Carbonate Depositionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The importance of acid -base balance in shell formation is further supported by numerous experiments on the effects of acidifying and alkalinizing substances or treatments (for references see Mueller and Leach, 1974). Shell thickness is reduced during metabolic acidosis caused by feeding NH 4 CI, HCI, (NH4)2S04' or H 2 S0 4 ; during exposure to high environmental temperature, which causes respiratory alkalosis; and during acute hypercapnia.…”

Section: Carbonate Depositionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Reproduction in the Female and Egg Production EGG SHELL AND SKELETAL METABOLISM Introduction Certain aspects of the material covered in this section have been reviewed by Simkiss (1967), Mongin (1968), Schraer and Schraer (1971), Taylor (1971), Simkiss and Taylor (1971), and Mueller and Leach (1974). The relation of the rate of protein formation in the membranes to the distance that the center of the egg has traversed in the isthmus is a linear one, according to .…”

Section: Shell Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If CO 2 were secreted, moreover. Precipitation of CaC0 3 in the shell may be facilitated by the affinity of the organic matrix for divalent cations and/or a local decrease of pH on the shell surface (see Mueller and Leach, 1974). Shell gland fluid and shell membranes have no measurable activity of carbonic anhydrase, the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction (Bernstein et at., 1968), and the uncatalyzed rate seems too slow to maintain calcification.…”

Section: Carbonate Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Avian Physiology

1976

Springer Advanced Texts in Life Sciences

140

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Section: Carbonate Depositionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Carbonate Depositionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Shell Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbonate Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Avian Physiology

1976

Springer Advanced Texts in Life Sciences

140

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“…Eggshell quality was manipulated by dosing bobwhite quail hens with sulfanilamide, a sulfabased drug that can cause inferior quality shells by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase in the shell gland [2,14]. Preliminary experiments with bobwhite hens indicated that sulfanilamide affected eggshell quality within 24 h of treatment and that shell thickness and strength were restored to pretreatment quality within 4 d after sulfanilamide was withdrawn from the diet.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Breaking Strength and Shell Thickness as Evaluators of Eggshell Quality

Bennett¹,

Ringer²,

Bennett³

et al. 1988

Environ Toxicol Chem

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The shell quality of eggs produced by northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) dosed with sulfanilamide was evaluated by a compression breaking strength test and by the shell thickness measurements that are used in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency avian reproduction test to determine the effect of a chemical substance on eggshells. The relative sensitivities of the two methods in detecting shell quality changes in sulfanilamide‐treated quail were compared by relative response ratios, calculated as treatment period response divided by pretreatment values. The ratios demonstrated a clear shell weakening response and a less apparent shell thinning response. Significant differences in shell thickness of eggs from sulfanilamide‐treated hens and those from control hens were not demonstrated (α = 0.32 and 0.34), although highly significant differences in shell strength were demonstrated (α < 0.0001). Scanning electron micrographs of weak shells of normal thickness revealed abnormal ultrastructure, usually poorly formed mammillae. Obtaining both shell thickness and shell strength information may provide better means to evaluate a chemical's effect on shell quality.

show abstract

Comparison of breaking strength and shell thickness as evaluators of eggshell quality

Bennett¹,

Ringer

Bennett

et al. 1988

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The shell quality of eggs produced by northern bobwhite (Colinus virginionus) dosed with sulfanilamide was evaluated by a compression breaking strength test and by the shell thickness measurements that are used in the US. Environmental Protection Agency avian reproduction test to determine the effect of a chemical substance on eggshells. The relative sensitivities of the two methods in detecting shell quality changes in sulfanilamide-treated quail were compared by relative response ratios, calculated as treatment period response divided by pretreatment values. The ratios demonstrated a clear shell weakening response and a less apparent shell thinning response. Significant differences in shell thickness of eggs from sulfanilamide-treated hens and those from control hens were not demonstrated ( a = 0.32 and 0.34), although highly significant differences in shell strength were demonstrated ( a < 0,0001). Scanning electron micrographs of weak shells of normal thickness revealed abnormal ultrastructure, usually poorly formed mammillae. Obtaining both shell thickness and shell strength information may provide better means to evaluate a chemical's effect on shell quality.

show abstract

Effects of Chemicals on Egg Shell Formation

Cited by 21 publications

References 76 publications

Avian Physiology

Avian Physiology

Comparison of Breaking Strength and Shell Thickness as Evaluators of Eggshell Quality

Comparison of breaking strength and shell thickness as evaluators of eggshell quality

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