Effects of chitosan on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and milk yield and composition of dairy cows

Paiva, Pablo Gomes de; Jesus, Elmeson Ferreira de; Valle, Tiago A. Del; Almeida, G. F. de; Costa, Artur Gabriel Brao Vilas Boas; Consentini, Carlos Eduardo Cardoso; Zanferari, Filipe; Takiya, Caio Seiti; Bueno, Ives Cláudio da Silva; Rennó, Francisco Palma

doi:10.1071/an15329

Cited by 34 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Finally, CHI is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature, is a byproduct of marine bioprocessing plants, and has proved environmentally attractive and economically feasible (Avanitoyannis and Kassaveti, 2008). Furthermore, CHI have shown positive effects on nutrient total tract digestion, ruminal fermentation and milk yield in cattle (Araújo et al, 2015;Vendramini et al, 2016;Paiva et al, 2016). Thus, adding CHI to silages may have also positive effects besides those found during the ensiling process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan improves the chemical composition, microbiological quality, and aerobic stability of sugarcane silage

Gandra

Oliveira

Takiya

et al. 2016

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effects of inoculants on chemical composition, dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (aNDF) in vitro degradation, fermentative and effluent losses, microbiology, fermentative profile, and aerobic stability of sugarcane mini-silos. Treatments were randomly distributed to the mini-silos, in which: (1) Control (CON); (2) Lactobacillus buchneri (Lb), addition of Lb at 2.6 × 10 10 cfu/g; (3) Lactobacillus buchneri and Bacillus subtilis (Lb + Bs), addition of Lb at 2.6 × 10 10 cfu/g and Bs at 1 × 10 9 cfu/g; and (4) Chitosan (CHI), addition of 1% of CHI on wet basis of sugarcane ensiled. Treatments 2 and 3 were incorporated to the silage at 2 g/t of natural matter ensiled. Lb and Lb + Bs did not alter the in vitro degradation of DM and NDF. Chitosan incorporation increased the DM content (P = 0.013, 18.7 g/kg DM) and improved (P = 0.029, 45.6 g/kg DM) the NDF in vitro degradation of sugarcane silage. In addition, CHI incorporation showed higher (P = 0.002) DM content in silage than Lb and Lb + Bs. Microbial inoculants (Lb and Lb + Bs) reduced the total losses (P = 0.009) of sugarcane silage. Moreover, CHI incorporation showed lower (P = 0.001, 84.9 g/kg DM) total losses and higher (P = 0.031, 84.8 g/kg DM) dry matter recovery than Lb and Lb + Bs. Lactic acid bacteria concentration was increased (P = 0.001) with additives, and CHI incorporation showed higher (P = 0.001) lactic acid bacteria concentration than silages treated Lb and Lb + Bs. All additives decreased the ethanol concentration in sugarcane silage, but CHI showed lower (P = 0.002) ethanol concentration compared to Lb and Lb + Bs. Inoculants improved the aerobic stability of sugarcane silage. In general, the incorporation of CHI to sugarcane silage showed better results of NDF in vitro degradation and gas and effluent losses than Lb and Lb + Bs. Moreover,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan improves the chemical composition, microbiological quality, and aerobic stability of sugarcane silage

Gandra

Oliveira

Takiya

et al. 2016

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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“…Similarly, Del Valle et al [27] reported that the inclusion of 0.4% chitosan in the diet had no effect on digestibility coefficients. With the supplementation of chitosan in lactating cows at 0.4% with whole raw soybeans (WRS), nutrient digestibility was not affected [9], but Paiva et al [28] noted that chitosan provision up to 2.25% BW did not affect DM, DM, EE or NDF digestibility in lactating cows. Therefore, the results demonstrated that concentration of chitosan supplementation during 0.36 to 2.25% had no negative effect on nutrient digestion.…”

Section: In Vitro Digestibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Crude Glycerin with Chitosan Can Manipulate In Vitro Ruminal Efficiency and Inhibit Methane Synthesis

Seankamsorn

Cherdthong

Wanapat

2019

Animals

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It was hypothesized that the combination of glycerin and chitosan improves ruminal fermentation efficiency via an enhanced propionate (C3) and reduces in vitro CH4 production. This was explored through in vitro gas production with substrates containing crude glycerin, which replaced cassava chips in the studied ration. The experimental design was organized following a 3 × 3 factorial in completely randomized design and the arrangement of treatments were different levels of crude glycerin supplementations 0, 10.5, and 21% of total mixed ration (TMR) and chitosan levels were added at 0, 1, and 2% dry matter (DM) of substrate. Then, 0.5 g of TMR substrates were added into 40 mL bottles, together with respective doses of chitosan and then incubated at 39 °C. The dietary treatments were performed in three replicates within the incubation, and incubations were repeated on three separate days (runs). No interactions were found between crude glycerin and chitosan doses in terms of theoretical maximum of asymptotic gas production (b), rate of gas production (c), the discrete lag time prior to gas production (L), or the cumulative gas production at 96 h of incubation (p > 0.05). Cumulative gas production at 96 h of incubation was similar among the doses of crude glycerin and levels of chitosan, which ranged from 64.27 to 69.66 mL/g DM basis of substrate (p > 0.05). The concentration of ruminal NH3-N after 2 and 4 h of incubation ranged from 14.61 to 17.10 mg/dL and did not change with the addition of crude glycerin with chitosan (p > 0.05). The concentration of CH4 after 2 h of incubation did not change among treatments (p > 0.05), whereas after 4 h of incubation, CH4 synthesis was significantly reduced by enhancing doses of crude glycerin and chitosan (p < 0.05). The combination of 21% of crude glycerin in TMR with 2% chitosan depressed CH4 production as much as 53.67% when compared to the non-supplemented group. No significant crude glycerin and chitosan interaction effect was detected for in vitro digestibility of nutrients after incubation for 12 and 24 h using the in vitro gas production technique (p > 0.05). In addition, no significant changes (p > 0.05) were observed in total volatile fatty acids, acetate (C2) or butyrate content among treatments and between the main effects of crude glycerin with chitosan. At 4 h of incubation, ruminal C3 content and the C2 to C3 ratio changed significantly when crude glycerin and chitosan was added (p < 0.05). The 21% crude glycerin incorporate into TMR, in combination with 2% additional chitosan, increased C3 content by 26.41%, whereas the ratio of C2 to C3 was reduced by 31% when compared to the control group. Propionate concentration increased by 11.75% when increasing levels of chitosan at 2% of substrate, whereas the C2 to C3 ratio decreased by 13.99% compared to the 0% chitosan group. The inclusion of crude glycerin at 21% in TMR diets with chitosan supplementation at 2% enhanced ruminal propionate concentration and reduced methane production without causing any detrimental effect on the gas kinetics or nutrient digestibility.

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“…de Paiva et al . (2016) worked with increasing levels of chitosan (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg) and Del Valle et al . (2017) tested the levels of 0 and 4 g/kg in the diet of cattle and both researchers observed positive effects on nutrient digestibility, which they attributed to alterations in ruminal fermentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In several studies with ruminants, e.g. beef cattle (Araújo et al ., 2015; Dias et al ., 2017) and dairy cattle (Garcia-Rodriguez et al ., 2015; de Paiva et al ., 2016; Gandra et al ., 2016; Del Valle et al ., 2017), chitosan was effective in improving nutrient digestibility, microbial protein synthesis and, in some cases, feed efficiency and milk yield.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A positive balance indicates a relationship between the amounts of protein and energy in the diet (Silva et al ., 2016). Chitosan can improve nitrogen utilization by reducing deamination, thus allowing a larger amount of amino acids to reach the duodenum to be absorbed, which explains the improved N retention in the animals fed the chitosan-containing diets (de Paiva et al ., 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of cottonseed processing and chitosan supplementation on lamb performance, digestibility and nitrogen digestion

et al. 2019

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The current study was carried out to examine the effect of cottonseed processing and chitosan supplementation on lamb performance, digestibility and nitrogen digestion. Eighty uncastrated Santa Inês lambs (23 ± 2.2 kg average weight, 4 months old) were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement that consisted of two cottonseed processing forms (whole or ground) and two chitosan levels (0 or 136 mg/kg live weight). Higher dry matter and organic matter apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) was achieved with the diets containing the whole cottonseed. Ether extract ADC was higher in the animals fed the chitosan-containing diet. There was an interaction effect on the ADC of neutral detergent fibre corrected for ash and protein, which increased with chitosan inclusion associated with the whole cottonseed. The lambs that received the treatment containing the whole cottonseed showed higher microbial protein synthesis. Chitosan addition increased nitrogen retention. The animals fed chitosan-containing diets showed higher microbial protein synthesis. There was an interaction effect on microbial protein synthesis. Whole cottonseed associated with chitosan in lamb diets increases ether extract ADC and microbial protein synthesis.

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Effects of chitosan on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and milk yield and composition of dairy cows

Cited by 34 publications

References 23 publications

Chitosan improves the chemical composition, microbiological quality, and aerobic stability of sugarcane silage

Chitosan improves the chemical composition, microbiological quality, and aerobic stability of sugarcane silage

Combining Crude Glycerin with Chitosan Can Manipulate In Vitro Ruminal Efficiency and Inhibit Methane Synthesis

Effect of cottonseed processing and chitosan supplementation on lamb performance, digestibility and nitrogen digestion

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