Effects of chlorine and sulphur on particle formation in wood combustion performed in a laboratory scale reactor

Sippula, Olli; Lind, Terttaliisa; Jokiniemi, Jorma

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2008.02.004

Cited by 72 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Tars represent 13% of the total number of particles for DPL. Similar to the results shown in Table 1, these DPW contain sufficient amounts of elemental chlorine that is easily volatilized at high temperature, leading to the formation of fine particles, according to Jenkins et al (1998) and Sippula et al (2008). As shown in Table 4, the total number of PM 10 , PM 1 and PM 0.1 particles increases with the content of chlorine in the residue.…”

Section: Emissions Of Fine and Ultrafine Particlessupporting

confidence: 75%

“…It would be very informative to know whether the elemental chlorine present in DPW is transferred to tars during combustion. Persistent organic pollutants, such as polychlorodibenzodioxins, polychlorodibenzofurans and polychlorobiphenyls, are mainly emitted during combustion of solid residues containing chlorine (Jenkins et al, 1998;Sippula et al, 2008), these are regulated due to their adverse health effects.…”

Section: Emissions Of Fine and Ultrafine Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have undertaken the characterization and quantification of aerosols formed during biomass combustion at different scales (Christensen et al, 1997;Obernberger et al, 1997;Valmari et al, 1997;Jiménez et al, 2005;Ehrlich et al, 2007;Tissari et al, 2007;Hindiyarti et al, 2008;Sippula et al, 2008). The results of these works reveal the important role of the chemical composition of biomass, particularly the potassium, sulfur and chlorine contents, in the amount of fine particles generated during combustion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These elements are well volatilized during the combustion process and nucleate/ condense in fine particles (with diameter < 1 μm) during the cooling of flue gas (Christensen et al, 1997;Jiménez et al, 2005). Jenkins et al (1998) and Sippula et al (2008) showed that an increase in the chlorine content of the biomass being burned leads to an increase in the amount of fine particles emitted during combustion. Ultrafine particles (with diameter > 1 μm) come from the non-vaporization of ash species in biomass, and the condensation of tars and oils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, they are now widely used to examine the particles emitted from wood combustion sources (Christensen et al, 1997;Valmari et al, 1997;Johansson et al, 2003;Jiménez et al, 2005;Wierzbicka et al, 2005;Ehrlich et al, 2007;Tissari et al, 2007;Wiinikka et al, 2007;Sippula et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of Gaseous and Particulate Pollutants during Combustion of Date Palm Wastes for Energy Recovery

may

Dorge

Jeguirim

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Being an important date-producing country, Tunisia generates high quantities of dry date palm residues which are currently not efficiently used, and instead accumulate every year in oasis lands. These by-products could present real advantages for Tunisia for energy production in both economic and environmental terms. Heating installations using biomass generate primary pollutants, such as CO, VOC and Particle Matter (PM), these latter having the most important adverse impact on environment. Measurements of these pollutants are needed, because international certification organizations require drastic limits on CO and PM emissions from biomass combustion processes.In this study, date palm leaflets (DPL), date palm rachis (DPR), date palm trunks (DPT) and date stones (DS) were combusted in a laboratory scale mobile furnace. The aim of this work was to find an appropriate of these materials for energy recovery, with low emission factors of gaseous and PM in the exhaust. Combustion tests were performed at two temperatures (500°C and 800°C) and input air flow rates (25 and 50 NL/h). With the lowest content of chlorine and the highest bulk and energetic densities, DS is the most convenient date palm residue for energy recovery. Combustion of DPL, DPR and DPT needs to be performed at high temperature to obtain a complete carbon balance, and this is not required for the combustion of DS, which has a value of 88% for the carbon balance at 500°C.Particles emitted during combustion are mainly constituted of fine and ultrafine particles. For all samples, 99% are particles with diameters below 1 μm. Combustion of DS produces the lowest content of PM 0.1 , leads to the lowest emissions factors of aerosols, and generates fewer tars than the other date palm by-products. An increase in the input air flow rate, and therefore decrease in the residence time during combustion of DS, generates a larger amount of aerosols.

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Section: Emissions Of Fine and Ultrafine Particlessupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Emissions Of Fine and Ultrafine Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%