Effects of choline containing phospholipids on the neurovascular unit: A review

Abstract

The roles of choline and of choline-containing phospholipids (CCPLs) on the maintenance and progress of neurovascular unit (NVU) integrity are analyzed. NVU is composed of neurons, glial and vascular cells ensuring the correct homeostasis of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and indirectly the function of the central nervous system. The CCPLs phosphatidylcholine (lecithin), cytidine 5′-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline), choline alphoscerate or α-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine (α-GPC) contribute to the modulation of the physiology of the NVU cells. A loss of CCPLs contributes to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease. Our study has characterized the cellular components of the NVU and has reviewed the effect of lecithin, of CDP-choline and α-GPC documented in preclinical studies and in limited clinical trials on these compounds. The interesting results obtained with some CCPLs, in particular with α-GPC, probably would justify reconsideration of the most promising molecules in larger attentively controlled studies. This can also contribute to better define the role of the NVU in the pathophysiology of brain disorders characterized by vascular impairment.

An Exploratory Study of the Metabolite Profiling from Pesticides Exposed Workers

“…Regarding phosphatidylglycerol, high concentrations of this substance were detected in acute coronary syndrome and may be linked to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. As for phosphatidylethanolamine, research claims that these compounds may be related to vascular diseases and increased incidence of cancer, in addition to playing an important role in other diseases [ 35 , 36 , 37 ].…”

Hydrolysis and Transport Characteristics of Phospholipid Complex of Alkyl Gallates: Potential Sustained Release of Alkyl Gallate and Gallic Acid

“…Phospholipids are the lipids containing phosphorus, mainly including phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidic acid (PA) . Phospholipids are the basic components of cell membranes, nuclear membranes, and lipid membranes in animal or plant cells, as well as one of the components of nerve cells. , They can protect nerve cells, accelerate the transmission of biomedical information, and repair the damaged brain. , Due to the presence of both hydrophilic and lipophilic groups, phospholipids can be used to encapsulate, transport and sustainably release water-soluble, oil-soluble, and amphiphilic substances . For example, by combining polyphenols with phospholipids under certain conditions, a polyphenol–phospholipid complex can be obtained, which not only changes the physicochemical properties of polyphenols but also masks their unpleasant flavor and enhances their stability. , In recent years, such phospholipid complexes have been widely applied in many fields such as food, medicine, and cosmetics …”

“…1 Phospholipids are the basic components of cell membranes, nuclear membranes, and lipid membranes in animal or plant cells, as well as one of the components of nerve cells. 2,3 They can protect nerve cells, accelerate the transmission of biomedical information, and repair the damaged brain. 3,4 Due to the presence of both hydrophilic and lipophilic groups, phospholipids can be used to encapsulate, transport and sustainably release water-soluble, oil-soluble, and amphiphilic substances.…”

“…2,3 They can protect nerve cells, accelerate the transmission of biomedical information, and repair the damaged brain. 3,4 Due to the presence of both hydrophilic and lipophilic groups, phospholipids can be used to encapsulate, transport and sustainably release water-soluble, oil-soluble, and amphiphilic substances. 5 For example, by combining polyphenols with phospholipids under certain conditions, a polyphenol−phospholipid complex can be obtained, which not only changes the physicochemical properties of polyphenols but also masks their unpleasant flavor and enhances their stability.…”

Choline-Containing Phospholipids in Stroke Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…These compounds are used as a substrate for acetylcholine synthesis, which can improve cholinergic neurotransmission [7]. The precursors of Ach can also be used in neuroprotective substances as well as in neurogenesis after an ischemic stroke [7,8]. It appears that choline supplementation at each stage of brain development enhances the performance of the brain, perhaps due to membrane synthesis during neuronal development; therefore, it requires a sufficient supply to maintain proper brain function.…”