Effects of chromium yeast, tributyrin and bile acid on growth performance, digestion and metabolism ofChanna argus

Abstract

A 60-day feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of chromium yeast (CY), tributyrin (TB) and bile acid (BA) on the snakehead (Channa argus). The control (CT) group was fed the basal diet, and the experimental groups were fed 200 mg/kg CY (concentration: 1,000 mg/kg), 2.5 g/kg TB (purity: 45%) or 1 g/kg BA (purity: 30%) in addition to the basal diet. The addition of CY, TB and BA statistically increased the weight gain rate, and specific growth rate, whereas the feeding rate and feed conversion ratio were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). When compared with the CT group, TB elevated the serum glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity; and BA reduced low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) contents significantly (p < 0.05). The three feed additives reduced intestinal malonaldehyde (MDA) levels dramatically. Tributyrin significantly enhanced intestinal trypsin and pepsin activities (p < 0.05). The activity of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and pyruvate carboxylase in the group fed CY was significantly lower than in the CT group. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of the three additives enhanced growth performance of C. argus. Dietary supplementation of CY affected protein, glucose and lipid metabolism. Diets with TB levels improved intestinal digestive enzyme activity and antioxidant capacity. The addition of BA improved glycolipid metabolism. K E Y W O R D Sbile acid, chromium yeast, growth performance, snakehead, tributyrin

Dietary tributyrin modifies intestinal function by altering morphology, gene expression and microbiota profile in common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) fed all‐plant diets

“…TB supplementation in tawny puffer diets had been reported that WG, SGR, feed efficiency (FE), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish were increased with the increasing TB level, and the greatest values of them were found in 1.0 g kg −1 groups (Zhai et al., 2014). Dietary TB also has been reported to positively affect the growth performance of snakehead (Hou et al., 2019). Recent studies showed that an appropriate dietary TB level improved the growth performance of black sea bream (2.0 g kg −1 –4.0 g kg −1 ) and yellow drum (1.0 g kg −1 –2.0 g kg −1 ) fed high‐soya bean meal diets (Tan et al., 2020; Volatiana, Wang, et al., 2020).…”

“…In addition to the beneficial effect on the growth production, dietary butyrate also showed a positive effect on fish physiological and biochemical profiles related to the body function and health status (Bedford & Gong, 2018; Hou et al., 2019; Luz et al., 2019; Ng & Koh, 2017). Since plant ingredients have various ANF and non‐starch polysaccharides (NSF), dietary plant proteins often disturbed the digestibility of fish resulting in decreased intestinal absorption, and this situation can worsen with increased incorporations of plant‐based proteins in aquafeeds, but also may be mitigated by the dietary inclusion of butyrate (Gao et al., 2011; Volatiana, Wang, et al., 2020).…”

“…(2020), who reported that the intestinal protease, lipase and amylase activities were significantly increased in the black sea bream fed the TB‐supplemented diets. In the study with snakehead, the greatest protease and lipase activities were observed in the TB‐supplemented groups compared with these in chromium yeast groups and bile acid groups (Hou et al., 2019). Similarly, the dietary BA and SB also improved the lipase and protease activities of pirarucu (Luz et al., 2019), barramundi (Aalamifar et al., 2020) and golden pompano (Aalamifar et al., 2020), respectively.…”

“…TB, consisting of three butyric acid molecules attached to a glycerol backbone, is a non‐volatile naturally stable molecule, which does not require a coating protection and can release more butyric acid in the intestine until cleavage by lipase (Lum et al., 2018). Although the TB products have clear advantages of costs and efficiency, only a few studies reported that the application of TB in tawny puffer ( Takifugu flavindus ) (Zhai et al., 2014), snakehead ( Channa argus ) (Hou et al., 2019), black sea bream ( Acanthopagrus schlegelii ) (Volatiana, Wang, et al., 2020), yellow drum ( Nibea albiflora ) (Tan et al., 2020) showed a positive effect on the growth, and intestinal morphology, health and microbiota.…”

Supplementation of tributyrin, alone and in combination with fructooligosaccharide in high soybean meal diets for shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ): Effects on growth, innate immunity and intestinal morphology

“…intestinal digestive and barrier functions in several studies (Hou et al, 2006(Hou et al, , 2019Tan et al, 2020;Volatiana, Sagada, et al, 2019;Volatiana, Wang, et al, 2019).…”