Effects of Chronic Microwave Irradiation on Mice

Prausnitz, S.; Sutsskind, C.

doi:10.1109/tbmel.1962.4322972

Cited by 61 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This emerging technology to date has witnessed a lot of research papers with many contradictions. Most significant researches were done using mice exposed to either GSM frequencies or frequencies around that of GSM as in [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Research on haematological parameters in [18] reported that thermal effects of RF EMF was capable of increasing neutrophils and decreased the levels of lymphocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MICROWAVE EFFECT OF 0.9 GHz AND 1.8 GHz CW FREQUENCIES EXPOSED TO UNRESTRAINED SWISS ALBINO MICE

Usman

Ahmad

Kadir

et al. 2012

PIER B

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Abstract-Long term radio frequency electromagnetic field (RF EMF) exposures due to Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) frequencies were investigated in this study. 158 Swiss Albino mice in unrestrained conditions were used as surrogate and divided into four groups. The average peak field strength generated and measured inside the cages placed at a far field from the antennas is 0.6 × 10 −3 mW/cm 2 , and the specific absorption rate at 0.9 GHz and 1.8 GHz is 2.33 × 10 −3 W/kg and 1.97 × 10 −4 W/kg, respectively. Three samples of the mice chosen at random each from sham and exposed groups in week 4 and subsequently biweekly basis were taken for haematology and histopathology tests. The complete blood count result shows that haematological parameters of both the sham exposed and exposed mice were within the normal range of mice in the control group. A statistical analysis was conducted to determine whether differences observed between the experimental groups were significant. The histopathology examination on some internal organs shows that spleen and bone marrow of the mice were normal for all the three experimental groups, while a sign of tissue degeneration and inflammations were observed after 8 weeks of exposure on the brain,

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MICROWAVE EFFECT OF 0.9 GHz AND 1.8 GHz CW FREQUENCIES EXPOSED TO UNRESTRAINED SWISS ALBINO MICE

Usman

Ahmad

Kadir

et al. 2012

PIER B

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show abstract

“…This conclusion is also applicable to the studies in Mobile Phones and Cancer on prolonged use of mobile phones and particularly of personal communication devices, such as analog, digital, and cordless telephones held to the ear during use, and the occurrence of malignant or benign tumors in the human brain. Prausnitz and Susskind [1962] exposed Swiss albino mice to 2 s, 9.3 GHz pulses, 500 pps, at 100 mW/cm 2 average power density, for 4.5 min/day, 5 days/week, 59 weeks. The subsequently estimated SAR was about 45 W/kg.…”

Section: Mobile Phones and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Radio frequency electromagnetic fields: Cancer, mutagenesis, and genotoxicity

Heynick

Johnston²,

Mason

2003

Bioelectromagnetics

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We present critiques of epidemiologic studies and experimental investigations, published mostly in peer‐reviewed journals, on cancer and related effects from exposure to nonionizing electromagnetic fields in the nominal frequency range of 3 kHz to 300 GHz of interest to Subcommittee 4 (SC4) of the International Committee on Electromagnetic Safety (ICES). The major topics discussed are presented under the headings Epidemiologic and Other Findings on Human Exposure, Mammals Exposed In Vivo, Mammalian Live Tissues and Cell Preparations Exposed In Vitro, and Mutagenesis and Genotoxicity in Microorganisms and Fruit Flies. Under each major topic, we present minireviews of papers on various specific endpoints investigated. The section on Epidemiologic and Other Findings on Human Exposure is divided into two subsections, the first on possible carcinogenic effects of exposure from emitters not in physical contact with the populations studied, for example, transmitting antennas and other devices. Discussed in the second subsection are studies of postulated carcinogenic effects from use of mobile phones, with prominence given to brain tumors from use of cellular and cordless telephones in direct physical contact with an ear of each subject. In both subsections, some investigations yielded positive findings, others had negative findings, including papers directed toward experimentally verifying positive findings, and both were reported in a few instances. Further research on various important aspects may resolve such differences. Overall, however, the preponderance of published epidemiologic and experimental findings do not support the supposition that in vivo or in vitro exposures to such fields are carcinogenic. Bioelectromagnetics Supplement 6:S74–S100, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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“…In the three earliest studies, animals were exposed at high specific absorption rates (SARs, W/kg) for short daily periods: 40 W/kg for 4.5 min/day [Prausnitz and Susskind, 1962], 35 W/kg for 20 min/day [Preskorn et al, 1978], and 12.9 W/kg for 120 min/day [Spalding et al, 1971]. In contrast to these reports, all of the other studies employed lower dose rates, and four of these NSc, no significant increase in tumor incidence.…”

Section: Rf Exposure Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival and cancer in laboratory mammals exposed to radiofrequency energy

Elder

2003

Bioelectromagnetics

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This article is a review of the effects of radiofrequency (RF) energy on (1) survival and (2) cancer in the same animal populations having survival data. The literature consisted of 18 studies with survival data, and 16 of these have information on cancer. In one study, a significant decrease in lifespan was observed at 6.8 W/kg but not at 2 W/kg. Thermal stress appears to be the causal factor for the effect on lifespan because the higher dose rate, unlike the lower dose rate, was estimated to increase body temperature significantly. The finding that the lower level was without effect is consistent with the results of a number of recent studies showing that long term, low level exposure to RF energy did not affect survival adversely. Many of these recent studies addressed the cancer issue by histopathological analysis of many organs and tissues following exposure up to 2 years, the average lifetime of rats and mice. Some investigations examined the effect of RF fields from mobile phones on brain cancer, including the progression of chemically induced brain cancer. The results demonstrate that RF exposure did not adversely affect cancer incidence at whole body specific absorption rates (SARs) 4 W/kg and brain SARs 2.3 W/kg. The weight-of-evidence of these 18 studies shows that long term, low level exposure to RF energy does not adversely affect survival and cancer in laboratory mammals. Bioelectromagnetics Supplement 6:S101-S106,

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Effects of Chronic Microwave Irradiation on Mice

Cited by 61 publications

References 3 publications

MICROWAVE EFFECT OF 0.9 GHz AND 1.8 GHz CW FREQUENCIES EXPOSED TO UNRESTRAINED SWISS ALBINO MICE

MICROWAVE EFFECT OF 0.9 GHz AND 1.8 GHz CW FREQUENCIES EXPOSED TO UNRESTRAINED SWISS ALBINO MICE

Radio frequency electromagnetic fields: Cancer, mutagenesis, and genotoxicity

Survival and cancer in laboratory mammals exposed to radiofrequency energy

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