“…Performance decrements were more severe with earlier age at the onset of smoking. In adult humans, cessation of regular tobacco smoking disrupts memory (Pineda et al, 1998;West and Hack, 1991) and attention (Shiffman et al, 1995;Snyder et al, 1989), while administration of nicotine, or resumption of tobacco smoking, reverses these withdrawal-related deficits (Foulds et al, 1996;Krebs et al, 1994;Pineda et al, 1998). Consistent with these observations in adults, memory deficits worsened in adolescent tobacco smokers during nicotine withdrawal (Jacobsen et al, 2005).…”