Effects of Cisplatin in Neuroblastoma Rat Cells: Damage to Cellular Organelles

Abstract

Cisplatin (cisPt) is a chemotherapy agent used as a treatment for several types of cancer. The main cytotoxic effect of cisplatin is generally accepted to be DNA damage. Recently, the mechanism by which cisPt generates the cascade of events involved in the apoptotic process has been demonstrated. In particular it has been shown that some organelles are cisPt target and are involved in cell death. This paper aims to describe the morphological and functional changes of the Golgi apparatus and lysosomes during apoptosis induced in neuronal rat cells (B50) by cisplatin. The results obtained show that the cellular organelles are the target of cisPt, so their damage can induce cell death.

Taurine Rescues Cisplatin-Induced Muscle Atrophy In Vitro: A Morphological Study

“…Tau was able to prevent oxidative damage, ER stress, and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes [ 49 , 50 ] and we recently reported that Tau rescued CisPt apoptosis in renal cells by inducing autophagy and limiting ER stress [ 16 ]. Many recent studies in different cell types indicated that CisPt activated apoptosis by affecting mitochondria and cytoskeleton that were associated to intrinsic apoptotic pathway [ 51 ]. On the other hand, Tau has been reported to be effective against apoptosis in neurons by blocking caspase 3-pathway and restoring microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP-2) [ 52 ].…”

Mechanisms Involved in the Development of Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathy

“…Bortezomib and cisplatin can damage organelles, such as lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum in neurons [89,90] and Schwann cells [91]. Many of the common chemotherapeutics target microtubules in cancer cells to prevent cellular division, and binding of these drugs to neuronal microtublues has been suggested as contributing to CIPN [92–94].…”

Morphological Features of Organelles during Apoptosis: An Overview

“…Their membranes could be physically associated to mitochondria thus forming a complex modulated by a number of proteins and possibly involved in death signal propagation [8]. As previously shown [5,7], in apoptotic cells, prominent changes are observed in the organization of the vacuolar system, with ER greatly enlarged and swollen compared to the controls. In control human tumor HeLa cells (Figure 2a), ER results homogeneously spread in the whole cytoplasm with a major density in the perinuclear area.…”

“…Evidence in the literature demonstrates that organelle reorganization during apoptosis is a largely stereotypic process taking place irrespective of the inducing apoptogenic stimulus [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]: this is the reason why, in the present review, only a few examples are given in the original figures presented.…”