Effects of Climate and Forest Structure on Duration of Forest Tent Caterpillar Outbreaks Across Central Ontario, Canada

Roland, Jens; Mackey, Brendan; Cooke, Barry J.

doi:10.4039/ent130703-5

Cited by 45 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…As mentioned above, there is also strong evidence that forest tent caterpillar dynamics are influenced by forestry and land-development practices, with the degree of forest fragmentation being a major determinant of outbreak duration (Roland 1993;Roland et al 1998;Cooke and Roland 2000; but see Wood et al 2010). Roland (2005) also found that populations exhibited more rapid cycles in contiguous than in fragmented forests and concluded that forest structure had a significant impact on the lagged density-dependent processes that drive outbreak cycles, in particular through its effects on natural enemies (Rothman and Roland 1998;Roland 2005).…”

Section: S70mentioning

confidence: 98%

Population studies of tree-defoliating insects in Canada: a century in review

et al. 2016

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Abstract-Our review highlights research during the past century focussed on the population ecology of outbreak-prone insect defoliators in Canadian forests. Based on reports from national and provincial surveys that began in the 1930s, there have been at least 106 insect defoliators reported to outbreak, most of which are native Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera (sawflies), or Coleoptera (in order of frequency from most to least). Studies comparing life-history traits of outbreak versus non-outbreak species to better understand why certain species are more outbreak-prone indicate several traits especially common among outbreak species, including egg clustering and aggregative larval feeding. There have been at least 50 time-series studies examining the spatiotemporal population behaviour of 12 major defoliator species. These studies provide evidence for both regular periodicity and spatial synchrony of outbreaks for most major species. Life-table studies seeking to understand the agents causing populations to fluctuate have been carried out for at least seven outbreak species, with the majority identifying natural enemies (usually parasitoids) as the major driver of outbreak collapse. Our review concludes with several case studies highlighting the impact and historical underpinnings of population studies for major defoliator species and a discussion of potential avenues for future research.

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Section: S70mentioning

confidence: 98%

Population studies of tree-defoliating insects in Canada: a century in review

et al. 2016

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“…Although the mean supercooling point of locust eggs is below À20 C, more of them died at temperatures above the supercooling point, indicating the occurrence of pre-freezing mortality. Roland et al (1998) suggested that the frequency of cold temperatures following hatch is a better predictor of the northern limit for forest insect outbreaks. If the locust's northward spread is limited by its maximum supercooling point, the outbreak intensity would probably be determined by survival at low temperature.…”

Section: Survival At Low Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical variation in egg cold hardiness: a study on the adaptation strategies of the migratory locust Locusta migratoria L.

Jing

Kang

2003

Ecological Entomology

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Abstract. 1. For many species of insect, cold hardiness is an important trait that enables a population to develop in the next season and to extend its range. To elucidate the role of cold hardiness of the migratory locust Locusta migratoria L. in its outbreak and distribution areas, egg cold hardiness was examined in locusts derived from four locations from latitude 18 23 0 N to latitude 41 10 0 N in eastern China.2. The supercooling points of eggs from different geographic populations did not differ significantly for the first development stage, with an average AE SE of À24.5 AE 0.51 C, or for the second stage, À22.06 AE 0.68 C, however there was a significant difference for the embryonic development phase among the four geographical populations. The egg supercooling point increased gradually from neonatal egg to old egg; eggs prior to hatching always had a much higher supercooling point.3. Comparisons of the cold hardiness of four populations were carried out by validating the close correlation between latitude and the effects of cold on hatching, low lethal temperature (Ltemp 50 ), and low lethal time (Ltime 50 ). There were significant differences among the four populations; the northern population was more cold hardy than the southern population, and the two mid-latitude populations were intermediately cold hardy.4. The cold hardiness of all populations was enhanced to various degrees by short-term cold acclimation at 0 C and 5 C. For most populations, a 2-day acclimation period seemed to be optimal.

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“…For newly introduced species, local temperatures and overwintering conditions can determine a species' ability to establish and become invasive (Bale 2002, Paradis et al 2008. Temperature can also determine if an established insect becomes a pest, and outbreaks of insect pests have been related to changing temperature conditions (Bale et al 2002) and overwintering success (Virtanen et al 1996, Roland et al 1998). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Tolerances of the Spotted-Wing DrosophilaDrosophila suzukii(Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Ryan¹,

Emiljanowicz²,

Wilkinson³

et al. 2016

J Econ Entomol

112

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The spotted-wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura) is an invasive species of Asian origin that is now widely distributed in North America and Europe. Because of the female's serrated ovipositor, eggs are laid in preharvest fruit, causing large economic losses in cultivated berries and stone fruit. Modeling D. suzukii population dynamics and potential distribution will require information on its thermal tolerance. Large summer populations have been found in regions with severe winter conditions, though little is known about responses to prolonged low-temperature exposure. We used controlled chambers to examine D. suzukii fecundity, development rate, and mortality across a range of temperatures encompassing the upper and lower thresholds (5-35 • C). Optimal temperatures (T opt ) were found to be 28.2 • C for the development of the egg-to-adult stage, and 22.9 • C for reproductive output. No adult eclosion occurred below 8.1 • C (T lower ) or above 30.9 • C (T upper ). We also investigated survival outcomes following prolonged (42-d) low-temperature exposure to a simulated cold winter (−5, −3, −1, 1, 3, and 5 • C). Adult survival was dependent on temperature, with a mean LT 50 of 4.9 • C. There were no effects of sex, mating status, geographic strain, and photoperiod preexposure on overwintering survival. Thirty-eight percent of females that were mated prior, but not after, prolonged low-temperature exposure produced viable offspring, suggesting that this species may undergo sperm storage. This study provides data on the thermal tolerances of D. suzukii, which can be used for models of D. suzukii population dynamics, degree-day, and distribution models.

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Effects of Climate and Forest Structure on Duration of Forest Tent Caterpillar Outbreaks Across Central Ontario, Canada

Cited by 45 publications

References 27 publications

Population studies of tree-defoliating insects in Canada: a century in review

Population studies of tree-defoliating insects in Canada: a century in review

Geographical variation in egg cold hardiness: a study on the adaptation strategies of the migratory locust Locusta migratoria L.

Thermal Tolerances of the Spotted-Wing DrosophilaDrosophila suzukii(Diptera: Drosophilidae)

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