Effects of climate on emerald ash borer mortality and the potential for ash survival in North America

DeSantis, Ryan D.; Moser, W. Keith; Gormanson, Dale D.; Bartlett, M. G.; Vermunt, Bradley

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.04.015

Cited by 38 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Much of the previous knowledge of A. planipennis cold tolerance was based on larvae that had developed in green ash, and this information had been used to forecast where A. planipennis might (not) be able to overwinter, irrespective of the host species that were present [48]. Our findings suggest that mortality levels of larvae in black ash should be expected to be the same as larvae in green ash when exposed to the same temperature, but occasionally might be greater.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Modest Effects of Host on the Cold Hardiness of Emerald Ash Borer †

Christianson

Venette

2018

Forests

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Abstract:The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, is invading North America and Europe but has not yet reached its ultimate distribution. Geographic differences in host availability and winter temperatures might affect where this species will occur. In central North America, black ash (Fraxinus nigra) is more abundant than green ash (F. pennsylvanica) at northern latitudes, but much of our current understanding of A. planipennis cold tolerance is based on observations of overwintering larvae from green ash. The effects of black and green ash on the cold hardiness of A. planipennis larvae were measured over three winters. Supercooling point, the temperature at which insect bodily fluids spontaneously begin to freeze, was marginally greater for larvae from artificially-infested black ash than green ash in one trial, but not in three others. Host species also did not consistently affect mortality rates after larval exposure to subzero temperatures, but larvae from black ash were less cold hardy than larvae from green ash when there were differences. Comparisons of mortality rates among chilled (unfrozen) and frozen larvae indicated that overwintering A. planipennis larvae are primarily freeze avoidant, and this cold tolerance strategy is unaffected by host. All of our studies suggest that A. planipennis larvae from black ash are not more cold hardy that larvae from green ash. Where temperatures annually decline below~−30 • C, overwintering morality may substantially affect the population dynamics and future impacts from this invasive alien species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Modest Effects of Host on the Cold Hardiness of Emerald Ash Borer †

Christianson

Venette

2018

Forests

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“…Another highly invasive species, A. planipennis, is predicted to drive ash, Fraxinus spp. to extinction in North America, as current and future winter temperatures may not be cold enough to cause significant mortality of larvae in much of its invaded range [95].…”

Section: Bark Beetles and Wood Borersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest Insects and Climate Change

Roques²,

2018

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Purpose of Review Climate change affects populations of forest insect pests in a number of ways. We reviewed the most recent literature (2013-2017) on this subject including previous reviews on the topic. We provide a comprehensive discussion of the subject, with special attention to insect range expansion, insect abundance, impacts on forest ecosystems, and effects on forest insect communities. We considered forest insects according to their major guilds and biomes. Recent Findings Effects of climate change on forest insects are demonstrated for a number of species and guilds, although generalizations of results available so far are difficult because of species-specific responses to climate change. In addition, disentangling direct and indirect effects of climate change is complex due to the large number of variables affected. Modeling based on climate projections is useful when combined with mechanistic explanations. Summary Expansion of either the true range or the outbreak range is observed in several model species/groups of major insect guilds in boreal and temperate biomes. Mechanistic explanations are provided for a few species and are mainly based on increase in winter temperatures. In relation to insect abundance, climate change can either promote outbreaks or disrupt trophic interactions and decrease the severity of outbreaks. There is good evidence that some recent outbreaks of bark beetles and defoliating insects are influenced by climate change and are having a large impact on ecosystems as well as on communities of forest insects.

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“…Because of the severity and spread of an ALB infestation in the northeast, our scenario assumes all hosts and infrequent host species will experience 100 % mortality. In the case of the EAB, the scenario assumes a loss of 85 % of individuals from all host species (DeSantis et al 2012(DeSantis et al , 2013. Tree species were classified as not applicable to the ALB (0), infrequent hosts (1), or hosts (2) according to their designation in the Cambridge Tree Inventory (Cambridge 2011).…”

Section: Pest Infestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility assessment of urban tree species in Cambridge, MA, from future climatic extremes

et al. 2015

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The City of Cambridge, Massachusetts, recognizes the value of the city's urban forest in terms of air quality, lower wind speeds, esthetics, energy conservation, reduced noise pollution, habitat value, decreased runoff, and bolstering of local businesses and property values. The density, composition, and location of street and city park trees comprising the urban forest will be influenced by future climate-driven extreme weather events. In this study, we have developed an approach for assessing impacts of multiple extreme weather scenarios likely to become more frequent under climate change and subsequently influence the composition of street and park trees. This potential for loss of trees as a result of one (or more) of these climaterelated extreme weather events is considered to be one indicator of the susceptibility of Cambridge's urban forest to climate-related weather events. The scenarios considered were a hurricane/tropical storm similar to tropical storm Sandy in 2012, heat stress, snow or ice loading (e.g., loss of tree limbs), Asian longhorn beetle or emerald ash borer infestations, and the cumulative effect from the addition of all these scenarios. The literature was used to assess the sensitivity of tree species to each threat and determine the anticipated loss of individuals from each species. The results are a reasonable indication of the more tolerant tree species in Cambridge and their locations. This assessment of susceptibility can inform proactive management of the urban forest.

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Effects of climate on emerald ash borer mortality and the potential for ash survival in North America

Cited by 38 publications

References 21 publications

Modest Effects of Host on the Cold Hardiness of Emerald Ash Borer †

Modest Effects of Host on the Cold Hardiness of Emerald Ash Borer †

Forest Insects and Climate Change

Susceptibility assessment of urban tree species in Cambridge, MA, from future climatic extremes

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