Effects of Clove Oil and Lidocaine-HCl Anesthesia on Water Parameter during Simulated Transportation in the Marine Medaka, Oryzias dancena

Abstract

Optimum concentrations of anesthetic clove oil and anesthetic lidocaine-HCl were determined for a species of adult marine medaka, Oryzias dancena, over a range of salinity conditions, and investigated in a transport simulation experiment by analyzing various water and physiological parameters. Research indicated that the higher the concentration of anesthetic at each salinity, the shorter the anesthesia time at each salinity. At each concentration, fish were anesthetized slower at water salinities over 10 ppt (P<0.05). Anesthesia time at 10 ppt was faster than any other salinity. In 10 ppt salinity, the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and respiratory frequencies of the clove-oil-administered groups decreased until 48 hours (P<0.05), whereas the NH4+ and CO2 concentrations increased until 48 hours (P<0.05). In same period, the DO, NH4+, and CO2 concentrations and respiratory frequencies all decreased as the clove oil concentration increased (P<0.05). The trends in the DO, NH4+, and CO2 concentrations and respiratory frequencies in the lidocaine-HCl-administered groups were similar to those in the clove-oil-administered groups. In conclusion, clove oil and lidocaine-HCl are effective anesthetics, improving the transportation of the marine medaka. The results from this study will contribute to safe laboratory handling of the marine medaka, which are commonly required by many research studies and experiments.

Anaesthetic Efficacy and Physiological Response of Clove Oil and Lidocaine-HCl on River Puffer, Takifugu obscurus and Tiger Puffer, T. rubripes

“…Anaesthetic agents have been used in fish handling situations primarily when there is a need for rapid processing, such as transporting, inhibiting fish activities, culturing, tagging, measuring, injecting vaccines and antibacterial substances, medical treatment for diseases, artificial spawning, sorting, and preparation for trade (Bell, 1987;Barton & Iwama, 1991;Westerfield, 1993; Munday & Wilson, 1997; Park et al, 1998a, 2017a; Mommsen et al, 1999; Pirhonen & Schreck, 2003; Gil et al, 2016). These processing activities may result in negative behavioural and physiological effects such as decreased feeding, inhibition or enhancement of aggressive behaviour and susceptibility to disease (Ross & Ross, 2008).…”

“…These processing activities may result in negative behavioural and physiological effects such as decreased feeding, inhibition or enhancement of aggressive behaviour and susceptibility to disease (Ross & Ross, 2008). The use of anaesthetics during the handling procedures provides a way to minimize these deleterious effects, to immobilize fish for some time, and to reduce physical damage that might occur during handling activities (Park et al, 1998b, 2017a; Ross & Ross, 2008; Gil et al, 2016). Anaesthesia also has no harmful effect on mortality and morbidity (Cooke et al, 2004).…”

“…Recently, anaesthetics used in aquaculture have satisfied several conditions such as safety to both user and fish, affordability in price, nontoxicity to the environment, and no withdrawal periodwith synthetic-based anaesthetics like MS-222 (Pirhonen& Schreck, 2003; Park et al, 2017a). Clove oil is used as a food additive and lidocaine-HCl is used as a local anaesthetic agent in dentistry.…”

“…Clove oil is used as a food additive and lidocaine-HCl is used as a local anaesthetic agent in dentistry. Both are safe for fish and humans (Park et al, 2011, 2017a, 2017b). Thus, clove oil and lidocaine-HCl [2-(diethylamino)- N-(2, 6-dimethylphenyl) acetimide hydrochloride] have become more and more popular in the aquaculture industry (Bell, 1987; Park et al, 2011).…”

“…Thus, clove oil and lidocaine-HCl [2-(diethylamino)- N-(2, 6-dimethylphenyl) acetimide hydrochloride] have become more and more popular in the aquaculture industry (Bell, 1987; Park et al, 2011). The anaesthetic effects of clove oil and lidocaine-HCl have been found to be excellent in a number of fish species (Park et al, 2011, 2017a). The anaesthesia exposure time is within 3 min or less and the recovery time is within 5 min or less (Summerfelt & Smith, 1990; Woolsey et al, 2004).…”