Effects of Co-Exposure of Nanoparticles and Metals on Different Organisms: A Review

Abstract

Wide nanotechnology applications and the commercialization of consumer products containing engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have increased the release of nanoparticles (NPs) to the environment. Titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, and silica NPs are widely implicated NPs in industrial, medicinal, and food products. Different types of pollutants usually co-exist in the environment. Heavy metals (HMs) are widely distributed pollutants that could potentially co-occur with NPs in the environment. Similar to what occurs with NPs, HMs accumulation in the environment results from anthropogenic activities, in addition to some natural sources. These pollutants remain in the environment for long periods and have an impact on several organisms through different routes of exposure in soil, water, and air. The impact on complex systems results from the interactions between NPs and HMs and the organisms. This review describes the outcomes of simultaneous exposure to the most commonly found ENMs and HMs, particularly on soil and aquatic organisms.

Quercetin Abates Aluminum Trioxide Nanoparticles and Lead Acetate Induced Altered Sperm Quality, Testicular Oxidative Damage, and Sexual Hormones Disruption in Male Rats

“…In recent years, the usage of engineered nanomaterials for various biomedical and industrial purposes has significantly increased, raising multiple worries concerning harmful consequences on animal and human health [ 1 ]. In particular, the toxicological effects of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) on reproductive organs have lately come to light [ 2 ].…”

“…Different forms of contaminants commonly co-exist in the environment. Heavy metals are widely distributed contaminants that may co-occur with environmental NPs [ 1 ]. Heavy metals are among the primary factors reducing human male fertility [ 18 ].…”

Ameliorative effects of quercetin against hepatic toxicity of oral sub-chronic co-exposure to aluminum oxide nanoparticles and lead-acetate in male rats

“…In this era, the widespread use of nanomaterial-containing products has increased the number of nanoparticles (NPs) released into the environment. Different sources of other pollutants frequently co-exist simultaneously with NPs as heavy metals (HMs) that are extensively distributed environmental pollutants (Abd-Elhakim et al 2021 ). The interactions between NPs and HMs, as well as the organisms, could considerably impact complex systems.…”

Effect of fumed silica and halloysite nanoparticles on the microstructure, mechanical, and fracture properties of thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer toughened polypropylene

“…[ 41 ] what is more, the production rate of SiO 2 was more than 459,000 tons in Europe alone in the year 2013, whereas the global output of TiO 2 nanoparticles estimated was about 5000 tons per year from 2006 to 2010 and 10,000 tons annually from 2011 to 2014. [ 42 ] Al 2 O 3 has an overall production volume of 14,800 tons annually in a certain year. [ 43 ] Moreover, based on Data from Future Markets, Inc., The Global Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials Market Opportunity Report in 2016, SiO 2 had the highest production volume compared to all engineering nanoparticles.…”