Effects of cognitive feedback on performance.

Abstract

This presents a comprehensive review of the empirical literature bearing on the effects of cognitive feedback (CFB) on multiple measures of performance. CEB refers to the process of presenting the person information about the relations in the environment (task information [TI]), relations perceived by the person (cognitive information [CIj), and relations between the environment and the person's perceptions of the environment (functional validity information [FVI]). Overall, CFB does improve performance on judgment tasks. Specifically, the research indicates that TI rather than CI is the aspect of CFB that influences performance. Factors influencing the effects of CFB on performance are discussed, and both current and potential applications of CFB are explored.A major theme emerging from extensive work in cognitive psychology is that people are limited in their ability to process information in uncertain environments (Nisbett & Ross, 1980), notably so with respect to human judgment and decision making (Kahneman, Slovic, & Tversky, 1982). Research has shown that people have difficulty inferring environmental relationships from unaided experience (Brehmer, 1980) and often lack sufficient insight into their judgment strategies to permit them to communicate those strategies (Balke, Hammond, & Meyer, 1973). More effective judgment and decision making would enhance the lives of individuals and the performance of organizations, and researchers have devoted considerable attention to investigating means of improving these cognitive activities

The design features of forecasting support systems and their effectiveness

“…(Balzer et al,1989) and this result has been found to apply in the forecasting context (Remus et al,1996). Indeed, outcome feedback may actually damage performance by drawing attention to the most recent observation (which will contain noise) and thereby accentuating the tendency to overweight this observation in the subsequent forecast.…”

“…due to promotion activity). Feedback can take a number of forms (Benson and Onkal,1992;Balzer et al,1989) including:…”

The Role of Representative Design in an Ecological Approach to Cognition.

“…In the double-system design, the parameters of the ecological side of the lens model are known (see Figure 1). This design has been used to study achievement or judgment accuracy (Hammond, 1955), multiple-cue probability learning (Hammond & Summers, 1965;Klayman, 1988), and cognitive feedback (Balzer, Doherty, & O'Connor, 1989;F. J. Todd & Hammond, 1965).…”

Play it again with feeling: Computer feedback in musical communication of emotions.

“…It has been recognized that efficacy is not the only important criterion in the evaluation of a novel application. Of equal importance is users' subjective impressions, since if people do not have a favorable reaction to the application, they will not use it anyway (e.g., Balzer et al, 1989). The users' interaction with the program was measured by means of video observation, and their subjective reactions were measured by a questionnaire.…”