Effects of Cold Air and Exercise on Nasal Patency

Cole, Philip; Forsyth, Rochelle; Haight, James S. J.

doi:10.1177/000348948309200220

Cited by 72 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Nasal breathing of cold air induces an engorgement of the venous sinuses in the submucosa (22,23), which leads to congestion, sneezing and, especially, rhinorrhea both in healthy and rhinitic subjects (1,24). However, these responses are greater in subjects with rhinitis than in healthy subjects (25) and greater in subjects with asthma and rhinitis than in subjects with rhinitis alone (26).…”

Section: Cold Air-provoked Short-term Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these responses are greater in subjects with rhinitis than in healthy subjects (25) and greater in subjects with asthma and rhinitis than in subjects with rhinitis alone (26). The cold Cold air provoked respiratory symptoms air-provoked nasal congestion is reversed by exercise due to the vasoconstrictor effects of circulating noradrenaline and adrenaline (22). Unfortunately, exercise does not inhibit the cold air-provoked rhinorrhea (1), probably due to the fact that this symptom is partly mediated via a neural reflex which is independent of the state of the venous sinuses (2).…”

Section: Cold Air-provoked Short-term Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, exercise does not inhibit the cold air-provoked rhinorrhea (1), probably due to the fact that this symptom is partly mediated via a neural reflex which is independent of the state of the venous sinuses (2). Cold air-provoked nasal symptoms can be effectively treated by nasal decongestants (22), but their long-term use is discouraged. Anticholinergic nasal sprays markedly decrease cold-air-provoked rhinorrhea (1,24,27) but do not affect nasal congestion or sneezing.…”

Section: Cold Air-provoked Short-term Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cold air-provoked respiratory symptoms: the mechanisms and management

Koskela

2007

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

188

137

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Objectives. To describe the mechanisms and management of cold air-provoked respiratory symptoms. Study design. A literature review. Methods. The review includes human epidemiological studies, human and animal experimental studies, as well as human studies about management of the cold air-provoked respiratory symptoms. Results. Cold air is unlikely to be a causal factor initiating respiratory diseases but a symptom trigger. In the present review, the airway responses beyond these symptoms were divided into three types. The short-term responses are those that develop within minutes in response to sudden cooling of the airways. Subjects with asthma or rhinitis are especially prone to these responses. The long-term responses are those that develop in response to repeated and longstanding cooling and drying of the airways, usually in endurance athletes. Finally, there are the physiological, reflex-mediated lower-airway responses to cooling of the skin or upper airways. Conclusions. The mechanisms beyond cold air-provoked respiratory symptoms vary considerably and mainly depend on the individual's susceptibility and the ventilation level during the cold exposure. An understanding of these mechanisms is essential for successful management of the symptoms. (Int J Circumpolar Health 2007; 66(2) [91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100]

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Section: Cold Air-provoked Short-term Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cold Air-provoked Short-term Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cold Air-provoked Short-term Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cold air-provoked respiratory symptoms: the mechanisms and management

Koskela

2007

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

188

137

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“…Rhinomanometry has contributed a great deal to learn more about the nasal function in the past two decades: (1) localization and function of the nasal valve [21,22]; nasal cycle [23]; characteristics of normal and altered nasal resistance [24][25][26][27]; nasal mucosa reactions [28]; nasal provocation test model [29,30], and understanding basic pathophysiologic mechanisms in infective and non-infective rhinitis, and (2) technical aspects: continuously improved results in the hard-and software of measurements, calculation [31,32], data acquisition, reliability as well as having more standardised equipment.…”

Section: Pastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhinomanometry: An Update

Hirschberg

2002

ORL

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Rhinomanometry has been widely accepted and used as an objective method to assess nasal patency for more than two decades. Much knowledge was obtained with its application in nasal pathophysiology and measuring techniques are still an issue for continuous improvement. Background, concept and current techniques, past, present and future, reliability, indications and contraindications are discussed in details. Special attention is paid to problems of definition, correlation between rhinomanometric data and subjective sensation of nasal patency and calibration. It is concluded that rhinomanometry applied together with acoustic rhinometry gives the most reliable objective information on nasal patency in an authentic rhinologic laboratory.

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“…In addition to anatomical interference in the upper airways, the breathing pattern may also be affected by the nature of the inspired air (e.g. its temperature) (Takagi et al, 1969;Salman et al, 1971;Cole et al, 1983;Burgess and Whitelaw, 1988;Huggare et al, 1991).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Population differences in the morphology of the first cervical vertebra

Huggare

1992

American J Phys Anthropol

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Cephalometric radiographs from 180 healthy Caucasian females, 90 of whom lived in the north of Finland and 90 in the south, were analysed with respect to the morphology of the atlas vertebra. The main findings were a smaller dorsal arch height and a larger ventral arch height in those from the north, including a longer atlas vertebra. These results are interpreted as evidence of morphogenetic reactions to changes in function, in this case a raised head posture attributable to climatic conditions.

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Effects of Cold Air and Exercise on Nasal Patency

Cited by 72 publications

References 8 publications

Cold air-provoked respiratory symptoms: the mechanisms and management

Cold air-provoked respiratory symptoms: the mechanisms and management

Rhinomanometry: An Update

Population differences in the morphology of the first cervical vertebra

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