Effects of combined ‘all-fish’ growth hormone transgenics and triploidy on growth and nutrient utilization of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed a practical grower diet of known composition

Tibbetts, Sean M.; Wall, Cheryl L.; Barbosa-Solomieu, Valérie; Bryenton, M.D.; Plouffe, Debbie A.; Buchanan, John T.; Lall, Santosh P.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.05.005

Cited by 39 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…The x-axis represents time in monthly increments (September-December: Sept, Oct, Nov, Dec). Bars that do not share the same letter are significantly (p<0.05) different et al 2000a, b;Tibbetts et al 2013). Tibbetts et al (2013) reported that lipid composition was lower in GH-transgenic Atlantic salmon than nontransgenic, while also finding significantly higher lipid digestibility in transgenic versus the wild type.…”

Section: Gh-transgenesis Effect On Proximate Composition During Food mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Bars that do not share the same letter are significantly (p<0.05) different et al 2000a, b;Tibbetts et al 2013). Tibbetts et al (2013) reported that lipid composition was lower in GH-transgenic Atlantic salmon than nontransgenic, while also finding significantly higher lipid digestibility in transgenic versus the wild type. Here, we show that transgenic coho have a significantly higher lipid composition initially and during the first month of deprivation compared to the wild-type fish (Fig.…”

Section: Gh-transgenesis Effect On Proximate Composition During Food mentioning

confidence: 92%

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Food Shortage Causes Differential Effects on Body Composition and Tissue-Specific Gene Expression in Salmon Modified for Increased Growth Hormone Production

Abernathy¹,

Panserat²,

Welker³

et al. 2015

Mar Biotechnol

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Growth hormone (GH) transgenic salmon possesses markedly increased metabolic rate, appetite, and feed conversion efficiency, as well as an increased ability to compete for food resources. Thus, the ability of GH-transgenic fish to withstand periods of food deprivation as occurs in nature is potentially different than that of nontransgenic fish. However, the physiological and genetic effects of transgenic GH production over long periods of food deprivation remain largely unknown. Here, GH-transgenic coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and nontransgenic, wild-type coho salmon were subjected to a 3-month food deprivation trial, during which time performance characteristics related to growth were measured along with proximate compositions. To examine potential genetic effects of GH-transgenesis on long-term food deprivation, a group of genes related to muscle development and liver metabolism was selected for quantitative PCR analysis. Results showed that GH-transgenic fish lose weight at an increased rate compared to wild-type even though proximate compositions remained relatively similar between the groups. A total of nine genes related to muscle physiology (cathepsin, cee, insulin-like growth factor, myostatin, murf-1, myosin, myogenin, proteasome delta, tumor necrosis factor) and five genes related to liver metabolism (carnitine palmitoyltransferase, fatty acid synthase, glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucokinase) were shown to be differentially regulated between GH-transgenic and wild-type coho salmon over time. These genetic and physiological responses assist in identifying differences between GH-transgenic and wild-type salmon in relation to fitness effects arising from elevated growth hormone during periods of long-term food shortage.

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Section: Gh-transgenesis Effect On Proximate Composition During Food mentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Gh-transgenesis Effect On Proximate Composition During Food mentioning

confidence: 92%

Food Shortage Causes Differential Effects on Body Composition and Tissue-Specific Gene Expression in Salmon Modified for Increased Growth Hormone Production

Abernathy¹,

Panserat²,

Welker³

et al. 2015

Mar Biotechnol

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“…By contrast, the FDA approved the first GM crop for human consumption (the Flavr Savr tomato) after just three years of regulatory consideration [59]. Research has shown that growth enhanced transgenic Atlantic and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), have the capacity for increased daily feed intake, increased growth rates and improved feed utilization due to an enhanced capacity for protein biosynthesis over non-transgenic fish [60,61,62]. Transgenic coho salmon demonstrate an enhanced ability to utilize dietary carbohydrates (in addition to lipid) as a major source of non-protein energy, which is not typical for non-transgenic salmon [63].…”

Section: Biotechnology To Improve Fish Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transgenic coho salmon demonstrate an enhanced ability to utilize dietary carbohydrates (in addition to lipid) as a major source of non-protein energy, which is not typical for non-transgenic salmon [63]. The utilization of carbohydrate allows for greater amount of dietary protein to be spared for rapid tissue growth [62]. The altered gene expression and different metabolic enzyme capacity in transgenic salmon allows for a shift towards the use of fatty acids and glucose for energy-production purposes, conserving amino acids for protein biosynthesis [64].…”

Section: Biotechnology To Improve Fish Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The altered gene expression and different metabolic enzyme capacity in transgenic salmon allows for a shift towards the use of fatty acids and glucose for energy-production purposes, conserving amino acids for protein biosynthesis [64]. In a study by Tibbetts et al [62], transgenic Atlantic salmon consumed a significantly higher amount of feed on a daily basis, but also had better FCRs, higher nitrogen retention efficiency and achieved target weight gain in a shorter period (40%) than non-transgenic fish. The transgenic salmon in this study demonstrated a higher cellular capacity to direct dietary non-protein energy towards satisfying their daily metabolic energy requirements, allowing for a higher proportion of dietary amino acids to be directed towards protein biosynthesis rather than catabolised as a dietary energy source.…”

Section: Biotechnology To Improve Fish Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fish Nutrition and Current Issues in Aquaculture: The Balance in Providing Safe and Nutritious Seafood, in an Environmentally Sustainable Manner

Hixson¹

2014

J Aquac Res Development

113

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Global aquaculture production has increased in recent years and it is predicted that aquaculture will provide the most reliable supply of seafood in the future. However, there are many controversial issues in aquaculture regarding food safety, nutrition, and sustainability; many of which are directly related to the nutrition and feeds for farmed fish. These nutrition-related issues must be considered in order to achieve balance in safe and nutritious food production and sustainability in aquaculture. This review highlights recent studies and discusses new and innovative aspects in fish nutrition. Some issues in the area of fish nutrition require consideration and improvement, such as: feed and nutrient efficiency, overfeeding and waste, fish meal and fish oil replacements, fish health, biotechnology, and human health concerns. The findings reviewed in this manuscript demonstrate promise toward improvement of the aquaculture industry through nutrition. This review is an update in fish nutrition research, and provides insight on the progression and evolution of this field in order to meet the needs of the industry with the purpose to achieve a balance in seafood production and environmental sustainability. The outcome of this review encourages the use of biotechnology as a tool to meet seafood production and environmental sustainability, in order to ensure global food security in the future and to improve our resource use.

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Internal Morphological Effects of Growth Hormone Transgenesis in Coho Salmon

et al. 2018

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Effects of growth hormone (GH) overexpression on internal morphology were examined in homozygous and hemizygous GH transgenic Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch aided by clearing and staining and magnetic resonance imaging methodologies. Morphological effects of transgenesis were observed in pin bones in fast‐growing hemizygous transgenic salmon, in vertebral column and swim bladder deformities in homozygotes, and as nonproportional modifications to some cranial structures examined among groups. These data provide further examples of the complex pleiotropic effects arising from GH overexpression in transgenic salmon.

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Effects of combined ‘all-fish’ growth hormone transgenics and triploidy on growth and nutrient utilization of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed a practical grower diet of known composition

Cited by 39 publications

References 89 publications

Food Shortage Causes Differential Effects on Body Composition and Tissue-Specific Gene Expression in Salmon Modified for Increased Growth Hormone Production

Food Shortage Causes Differential Effects on Body Composition and Tissue-Specific Gene Expression in Salmon Modified for Increased Growth Hormone Production

Fish Nutrition and Current Issues in Aquaculture: The Balance in Providing Safe and Nutritious Seafood, in an Environmentally Sustainable Manner

Internal Morphological Effects of Growth Hormone Transgenesis in Coho Salmon

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