Effects of Combined Resistance and Power Training on Cognitive Function in Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

The present study compared the effects of traditional resistance training (TRT) and combined power training (PT) and TRT (PTRT) on cognitive parameters and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in non-demented, well-functioning, community-dwelling older women. Forty-five older women were randomized into one of three experimental groups: TRT, PTRT, and control group (CG). Cognitive tests explored global cognitive function, short-term memory, and dual-task performance. Serum BDNF levels were assessed at baseline and after the intervention. Exercise sessions were performed twice a week over 22 weeks. In TRT, exercise sessions were based on three sets of 8–10 repetitions at “difficult” intensity. In PTRT, the first session was based on PT (three sets of 8−10 repetitions at “moderate” intensity), while the second session was similar to the TRT. Our analyses indicated that overall cognitive function, short-term memory, and dual-task performance were similarly improved after TRT and PTRT. Serum BDNF concentrations were not altered by any training protocol. In conclusion, the two RT programs tested in the present trial improved global cognitive function, short-term memory and dual task performance in non-demented, well-functioning, community-dwelling older women. In addition, our findings suggest that mechanisms other than BDNF may be associated with such improvements.

Effects of Resistance Training Program on Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength and the Relationship with Cognition in Older Women

“…That is, if muscle strength improves, then cognition improves and vice versa. A recent study reported that different muscle strength and power training programmes improved cognitive functioning globally in the active groups with respect to the control group (inactive) [50].…”

“…Numerous studies have shown the effectiveness of muscle strength and power training [44][45][46][47]; however, precaution is also recommended in the evaluation of this population regarding the adaptation to the loads [48]. Similarly, many studies have reported improvements in the cognition level in people who carried out muscle strength training programmes [49][50][51].…”

Effects of Progressive Resistance Training on Cognition and IGF-1 Levels in Elder Women Who Live in Areas with High Air Pollution

“…These results are in line with those of other studies, which report that different strength training programmes (resistance training) improve cognitive function. It seems to be clearly demonstrated that controlled and planned physical exercise improves cognitive impairment, besides physical and psychosocial health in older adults [ 1 , 14 , 62 , 63 , 64 ].…”

“…Numerous authors agree on the need for further longitudinal studies to determine with more precision the independent effect of different sedentary behaviours on cognitive functions [ 67 , 68 , 69 ], and to establish the most efficient type of exercise and characteristics of training programmes to counteract cognitive impairment [ 59 , 64 , 70 ].…”

Protein Intake and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Notably, lifestyle modifications have been recognized by the scientific community as possible tools to counteract age-related cognitive decline. Physical activity and exercise, for example, have been extensively examined and investigations have indicated that older adults engaged in exercise programs might benefit from improvements in cognition, 10 - 12 although these findings were not unanimous. 13 Diet patterns have also been subject to investigation.…”