Effects of Complementary Medicine on Successful Breastfeeding and its Associated Issues in the Postpartum Period

Background The delivery mode is one of the factors affecting the type of colonization of the human gut. Gut colonization affects all stages of the human life cycle, and the type of gut microbiome can contribute to immune system function, the development of some diseases, and brain development; and it has a significant impact on a newborn’s growth and development. Methods Terms defined as MeSH keywords were searched by the databases, and web search engines such as PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched between 2010 and 2020. The quality of each study was assessed according to the Newcastle–Ottawa scale, and seven eligible and high-quality studies were analyzed. Finding The abundances of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium during the first 3 months of life; Lactobacillus and Bacteroides during the second 3 months of life; Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium during the second 6 months of life; and Bacteroides, Enterobacter, and Streptococcus after the first year of life were higher in vaginal delivery-born infants. While infants born by cesarean section (CS) had higher abundances of Clostridium and Lactobacillus during the first 3 months of life, Enterococcus and Clostridium during the second 3 months of life, and Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus after the first year of life. Discussion Delivery mode can affect the type of the human intestinal microbiota. The CS-born babies had lower colonization rates of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides, but they had higher colonization rates of Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus. Given the effect of microbiota colonization on neonatal health, it is therefore recommended to conduct further studies in order to investigate the effect of the colonization on the delivery mode and on baby’s growth and development. Application to practice The aim of this study was to investigate the role of CS in the development of the neonatal gut microbiota.

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“…This study was reported based on the PRISMA guidelines [ 37 ]. The systematic search in the databases identified 155 articles.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of cesarean section in the development of neonatal gut microbiota: A systematic review

et al. 2021

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“…Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statements were used to assess the quality of the studies. The STROBE statement as a valid tool consists of a checklist of 22 items to assess the quality of different parts of the observational studies [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in predicting gestational diabetes mellitus

2020

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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common pregnancy-associated metabolic disorder that is steadily increasing worldwide. Early diagnosis of pregnant women susceptible to GDM is the first step for deploying effective preventive treatment to reduce maternal, fetal, and neonatal complications. The diagnostic process of GDM is still controversial and interleukin-6 (IL-6) is one of the most recent markers used for the diagnosis of GDM. In this study, we aimed to systematically review the role of IL-6 in the diagnosis of GDM. In this systematic review, Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, ProQuest, and MEDLINE databases were searched using the following keywords: GDM, screening, and IL-6, with the time interval 2009–2020. The quality of articles was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist. Twenty-four articles with desired quality that met the inclusion criteria were selected and reviewed further. Sixteen studies showed a statistically significant association, while 8 studies did not report any relationship between IL-6 levels and GDM. Based on the results of these studies, assessing the serum IL-6 levels can be investigated a newly established diagnostic biomarker for GDM. Therefore, through early diagnosis of susceptible women, effective measures can be implemented to reduce its complications.

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“…Out of a total of 17 related studies, 3 [ 22 , 25 , 26 ] had a cross-sectional design, 1 [ 24 ] had a case-control design, 2 [ 27 , 28 ] had a semi-experimental design, and 11 [ 19 , 29 – 38 ] were randomized controlled trials. Furthermore, 10 studies [ 19 , 22 , 25 , 28 , 29 , 32 , 33 , 35 – 37 ] were performed in Iran, 3 [ 18 , 27 , 30 ] in Turkey, and 1 [ 26 ] in Jordan, 1 [ 31 ] in India, 1 [ 35 ] in Italy, and 1 [ 31 ] in Saudi Arabia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The STROBE statement, as an authoritative tool, consists of a 22-item checklist. The checklist items concentrate on reporting or evaluating different sections of observational studies [ 23 , 24 ]. The STROBE checklist consists of 6 general sections under the following headings: title and abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and other information.…”

Section: Criteria For Considering Studies For This Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of vitamin D and calcium in the relief of primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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Dysmenorrhea is one of the well-established problems among women of reproductive age and can have adverse effects on the quality of life of the individual. Some studies suggest a relationship between vitamin D (Vit D) and calcium deficiency and the emergence of early dysmenorrhea. Accordingly, a systematic study was performed to investigate the role of calcium and Vit D in the relief of primary dysmenorrhea. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar for papers published between 2010 and 2020. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials and Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklists were used to assess the quality of the studies. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool. Low calcium levels lead to an increase in uterine muscle contraction and can cause pain after decreased uterine blood flow. Furthermore, low levels of Vit D can increase primary dysmenorrhea by increasing prostaglandin production or reducing intestinal calcium absorption. That being the case, Vit D and calcium intake can be effective in reducing the severity of primary dysmenorrhea and in reducing the rate of analgesic use. Low levels of Vit D and calcium are inversely related to the severity of primary dysmenorrhea, and Vit D and calcium intake can reduce the severity of primary dysmenorrhea and its associated systemic symptoms. Therefore, the use of calcium and Vit D supplements can be recommended to relieve dysmenorrhea.

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Effects of Complementary Medicine on Successful Breastfeeding and its Associated Issues in the Postpartum Period

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Role of cesarean section in the development of neonatal gut microbiota: A systematic review

Role of cesarean section in the development of neonatal gut microbiota: A systematic review

Role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in predicting gestational diabetes mellitus

Role of vitamin D and calcium in the relief of primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review

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