Effects of composite antimicrobial peptides in weanling piglets challenged with deoxynivalenol: II. Intestinal morphology and function1

Abstract

Deoxynivalenol (DON) affects animal and human health and targets the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of composite antimicrobial peptides (CAP) to repair intestinal injury in piglets challenged with DON. A total of 28 piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Large Yorkshire) weaned at 28 d of age were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 4 treatments (7 pigs/treatment): negative control, basal diet (NC), basal diet + 0.4% composite antimicrobial peptide (CAP), basal diet + 4 mg/kg DON (DON), and basal diet + 4 mg/kg DON + 0.4% CAP (DON + CAP). After an adaptation period of 7 d, blood samples were collected on d 15 and 30 after the initiation of treatment for determinations of the concentrations of D-lactate and diamine oxidase. At the end of the study, all piglets were slaughtered to obtain small intestines for the determination of intestinal morphology, epithelial cell proliferation, and protein expression in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. The results showed that DON increased serum concentrations of D-lactate and diamine oxidase, and these values in the CAP and DON + CAP treatments were less than those in the NC and DON treatments, respectively (P < 0.05). The villous height/crypt depth in the jejunum and ileum and the goblet cell number in the ileum in the CAP and DON + CAP treatments were greater than those in the NC and DON treatments (P < 0.05). The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling indexes for the jejunum and ileum in the DON + CAP treatment were greater than those in the DON treatment (P < 0.05). The DON decreased (P < 0.05) the relative protein expression of phosphorylated Akt (Protein Kinase B) and mTOR in the jejunal and ileal mucosa and of phosphorylated 4E-binding protein 1 (p-4EBP1) in the jejunal mucosa, whereas CAP increased (P < 0.05) the protein expression of p-4EBP1 in the jejunum. These findings showed that DON could enhance intestinal permeability, damage villi, cause epithelial cell apoptosis, and inhibit protein synthesis, whereas CAP improved intestinal morphology and promoted intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and protein synthesis, indicating that CAP may repair the intestinal injury induced by DON.

The Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti‐Inflammatory Effects of Eucommia ulmoides Flavones Using Diquat‐Challenged Piglet Models

“…The processed samples were incubated in an incubator chamber at 37°C for 30 min and measured at 436 nm by UV/visible spectrophotometer-UV-2450 (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) [23]. Serum D-lactate was determined using a D-Lactate Assay Kit (BioVision, Mountain View, San Francisco, USA) in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction [24].…”

Insect proteins as a potential source of antimicrobial peptides in livestock production. A review

“…The use of AMPs may be a promising alternative to antibiotics Xiao et al, 2013aXiao et al, ,b, 2015aYoon et al, 2013Yoon et al, , 2014Yi et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2016). The interest in insect AMPs is based on the knowledge from ancient times, where different insects were used in the treatment of a number of different ailments (Table 1).…”

The role of nitric oxide pathway in arginine transport and growth of IPEC-1 cells

“…All samples were adjusted to an equal concentration (50 μg protein). The western blotting was conducted based on previous description [28]. The primary antibodies are 4EBP1 (1:1,000; Cell Signaling Technology), phosphorylated 4EBP1(Ser65) (1:1,000; Cell Signaling Technology), mTOR (1:1,000; Cell Signaling Technology), phosphorylated mTOR (Ser2448) (1:1,000; Cell Signaling Technology), phosphorylated p70S6 kinase (Thr389) (1:1,000; Cell Signaling Technology), CAT-1(1:400; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX), CAT-2(1:400; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX), phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (1:1,000; Cell Signaling Technology), Akt (Protein Kinase B; 1:1,000; Cell Signaling Technology), phosphorylated Akt [p-Akt (Ser 473); 1:1,000; Cell Signaling Technology), Bcl2 (1:1000; LifeSpan BioSciences, Inc), or β-actin (1:400; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX).…”