Effects of Contingent Television on Physical Activity and Television Viewing in Obese Children

Faith, Myles S.; Berman, Nathaniel; Heo, Moonseong; Pietrobelli, Angelo; Gallagher, Dympna; Epstein, Leonard H.; Eiden, Mark T.; Allison, David B.

doi:10.1542/peds.107.5.1043

Cited by 187 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…One study compared the effects of two different exercise plus behavioral treatments with that of a control group which received the behavioral treatment alone (three arm study) providing two datum points, 64 and was therefore included as two separate studies. Among these 14 studies, two compared the effects of aerobic exercise with untreated controls, 29,62 one study compared the effect of a device which permitted television viewing contingent to exercise (TV cycling) with that of a control group which received a similar device but differed in that television viewing was not contingent to exercise, 65 one investigated the effects of 'extra gymnastics' sessions/weeks reported to entailed 45 min of intense physical activity performed in a small group setting compared to untreated controls, 66 whereas the remaining nine studies compared the effects of various dietary/behavioral treatments with/without aerobic exercise 30,[67][68][69][70][71] or combined aerobic and weighttraining exercise. 63,64,72 The mean (7s.d.)…”

Section: Studies Included/excludedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only two studies investigated long-term treatment effects beyond the intervention phase, one of which reported follow-up data at 26 and 52 weeks, 67 and another at 52 weeks. 63 Eight studies were conducted in the US, 29,30,62,65,67,68,70,71 one in Australia, 69 one in Austria, 72 one in Canada, 64 one in Sweden 66 and one in Hong Kong. 63 Cohorts Of 14 studies, one was in boys only, 66 one was in girls only, 67 11 were in boys and girls, 29,30,[62][63][64][65]68,[70][71][72] whereas gender characteristics were not reported in another.…”

Section: Studies Included/excludedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…63 Eight studies were conducted in the US, 29,30,62,65,67,68,70,71 one in Australia, 69 one in Austria, 72 one in Canada, 64 one in Sweden 66 and one in Hong Kong. 63 Cohorts Of 14 studies, one was in boys only, 66 one was in girls only, 67 11 were in boys and girls, 29,30,[62][63][64][65]68,[70][71][72] whereas gender characteristics were not reported in another. 69 In total, the 14 studies pooled yielded a sample of 481 boys and girls, and the mean age reported in nine studies was 10.971.5 years, while age ranges of 13-16 years was reported in one study, 30 of 8-12 years in one study, 67 and of 12-15 years in two Efficacy of exercise for treating overweight in youth E Atlantis et al studies (two treatments from one study), 64 while another did not report age (mean or range).…”

Section: Studies Included/excludedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, between-group differences at baseline were substantial in most studies, such as 3.2 and 7.5% in two DXA studies for percent body fat, 29,65 6.3% in one hydrodensitometry study for percent body fat, 68 12.2 and 15.3% in two studies for percent over ideal body weight, 64 while differences of 2.8 and 1.5 kg/m 2 were found in two studies for body mass index, 64,70 and there was a mean (7s.d.) difference between groups of 7.5 (73.1) kg across six studies for body weight.…”

Section: Efficacy Of Exercise For Treating Overweight In Youth E Atlamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…difference between groups of 7.5 (73.1) kg across six studies for body weight. [63][64][65]68,70,72 In one study of Effects on percent body fat. Efficacy of exercise for treating overweight in youth E Atlantis et al central obesity, the mean waist circumference at baseline was 8.11 cm larger in the control group than the treatment group, and this was associated with a large SMD spuriously favoring the treatment group (À0.9).…”

Section: Efficacy Of Exercise For Treating Overweight In Youth E Atlamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of exercise for treating overweight in children and adolescents: a systematic review

2006

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Background: Overweight prevalence among children/adolescents is increasing, while adult obesity may potentially cause a decline in life expectancy. More exercise is uniformly recommended, although treatment efficacy remains unclear. Objective: To determine the efficacy of exercise alone for treating overweight in children/adolescents. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials published in English were completed following multiple database searches performed on December 10, 2004. Studies of isolated or adjunctive exercise/physical activity treatment in overweight/obese children or adolescents which reported any overweight outcome were included. Literature searches identified 645 papers which were manually searched, of which 45 were considered for inclusion, of which 13 papers which reported 14 studies were included (N ¼ 481 overweight boys and girls, aged B12 years). Two reviewers independently identified relevant papers for potential inclusion and assessed methodological quality. Principal measures of effects included the mean difference (MD) (between treatment and control groups), the weighted MD (WMD), and the standardized MD (SMD). Results: Few studies were of robust design. The pooled SMD was À0.4 (À0.7, À0.1, P ¼ 0.006) for percent body fat, and À0.2 (À0.6, 0.1, P ¼ 0.07) for central obesity outcomes, whereas the pooled WMD was À2.7 kg (À6.1 kg, 0.8 kg, P ¼ 0.07) for body weight, all of which favored exercise. Pooled effects on body weight were significant and larger for studies of higher doses, whereas nonsignificant and smaller effects were seen for studies of lower doses of exercise (155-180 min/weeks vs 120-150 min/ weeks). Conclusions: Based on the small number of short-term randomized trials currently available, an aerobic exercise prescription of 155-180 min/weeks at moderate-to-high intensity is effective for reducing body fat in overweight children/adolescents, but effects on body weight and central obesity are inconclusive. Recommendations for future study designs are discussed.

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