Effects of conventional and sugar-free energy drinks intake in runners: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial

Reis, Hamilton Henrique Teixeira; Lima, Luciana Moreira; Reis, Victória Esther Teixeira; Mota-Júnior, Rômulo J; Soares-Júnior, Duílio T; Sillero-Quintana, Manuel; Rasmussen, Heather; Carneiro‐Júnior, Miguel Araujo

doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11601-3

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Even though liquid medications are the preferred form for pediatric populations, they usually contain sugar that increases glycemic index, and if applied chronically, they could provoke dental caries. Furthermore, liquid formulations that contain citric acid could have an erosive effect when applied in the long term [ 23 ]. On the other hand, solid dosage form compounding, especially for APIs that are unstable in aqueous environments, have better drug stability, although only a few results of stability studies have been published for compounded capsules [ 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, liquid formulations that contain citric acid could have an erosive effect when applied in the long term [ 23 ]. On the other hand, solid dosage form compounding, especially for APIs that are unstable in aqueous environments, have better drug stability, although only a few results of stability studies have been published for compounded capsules [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Additionally, solid dosage forms may be desirable because fewer excipients are needed [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compounding of Liquid and Solid Dose Adjustable Formulations with Pantoprazole: Comparison of Stability, Applicability and Suitability

et al. 2023

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Pantoprazole is a model substance that requires dosage form adjustments to meet the needs of all patients. Pediatric pantoprazole formulations in Serbia are mostly compounded as capsules (divided powders), while in Western Europe liquid formulations are more common. The aim of this work was to examine and compare the characteristics of compounded liquid and solid dosage forms of pantoprazole. Three syrup bases were used: a sugar-free vehicle for oral solution (according to USP43-NF38), a vehicle with glucose and hydroxypropyl cellulose (according to the DAC/NRF2018) and a commercially available SyrSpend Alka base. Lactose monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose and a commercially available capsule filler (excipient II, composition: pregelatinized corn starch, magnesium stearate, micronized silicon dioxide, micronized talc) were used as diluents in the capsule formulations. Pantoprazole concentration was determined by the usage of the HPLC method. Pharmaceutical technological procedures and microbiological stability measurements were performed according to the recommendations of the EP10. Although dose appropriate compounding with pantoprazole is suitable using both liquid vehicles as well as solid formulations, chemical stability is enhanced in solid formulation. Nevertheless, according to our results, if liquid formulation is a pH adjusted syrup, it could be safely kept in a refrigerator for up to 4 weeks. Additionally, liquid formulations could be readily applied, while solid formulation should be mixed with appropriate vehicles with higher pH values.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compounding of Liquid and Solid Dose Adjustable Formulations with Pantoprazole: Comparison of Stability, Applicability and Suitability

et al. 2023

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International society of sports nutrition position stand: energy drinks and energy shots

Jagim

Harty

Tinsley

et al. 2023

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) bases the following position stand on a critical analysis of the literature regarding the effects of energy drink (ED) or energy shot (ES) consumption on acute exercise performance, metabolism, and cognition, along with synergistic exercise-related performance outcomes and training adaptations. The following 13 points constitute the consensus of the Society and have been approved by the Research Committee of the Society: Energy drinks (ED) commonly contain caffeine, taurine, ginseng, guarana, carnitine, choline, B vitamins (vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, and B12), vitamin C, vitamin A (beta carotene), vitamin D, electrolytes (sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium), sugars (nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners), tyrosine, and L-theanine, with prevalence for each ingredient ranging from 1.3 to 100%. Energy drinks can enhance acute aerobic exercise performance, largely influenced by the amount of caffeine (> 200 mg or >3 mg∙kg bodyweight [BW −1 ]) in the beverage. Although ED and ES contain several nutrients that are purported to affect mental and/or physical performance, the primary ergogenic nutrients in most ED and ES based on scientific evidence appear to be caffeine and/or the carbohydrate provision. The ergogenic value of caffeine on mental and physical performance has been well-established, but the potential additive benefits of other nutrients contained in ED and ES remains to be determined. Consuming ED and ES 10-60 minutes before exercise can improve mental focus, alertness, anaerobic performance, and/or endurance performance with doses >3 mg∙kg BW −1 . Consuming ED and ES containing at least 3 mg∙kg BW −1 caffeine is most likely to benefit maximal lower-body power production. Consuming ED and ES can improve endurance, repeat sprint performance, and sport-specific tasks in the context of team sports. Many ED and ES contain numerous ingredients that either have not been studied or evaluated in combination with other nutrients contained in the ED or ES. For this reason, these products need to be studied to demonstrate efficacy of single- and multi-nutrient formulations for physical and cognitive performance as well as for safety. Limited evidence is available to suggest that consumption of low-calorie ED and ES during training and/or weight loss trials may provide ergogenic benefit and/or promote additional weight control, potentially through enhanced training capacity. However, ingestion of higher calorie ED may promote weight gain if the energy intake from consumption of ED is not carefully considered as part of the total daily energy intake. Individuals should consider the impact of regular coingestion of high glycemic index carbohydrates from ED and ES on metabolic health, blood glucose, and insulin levels. Adolescents (aged 12 through 18) should exercise caution and seek parental guidance when considering th...

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O consumo de cafeína pode alterar parâmetros cardiovasculares e temperatura da pele em homens adultos?

Piermatei,

Reis,

São José

et al. 2024

Cuad. Ed. Desar.

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A propriedade termogênica da cafeína é alvo crescente de interesse, sendo um dos recursos ergogênicos mais consumidos no meio esportivo. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o impacto termogênico, variação de frequência cardíaca (FC) e pressão arterial (PA) pelo consumo de diferentes dosagens de cafeína em homens adultos em repouso. A amostra foi composta por 24 homens divididos entre grandes (>100mg/dia) e pequenos consumidores de cafeína (< 100mg/dia). Os avaliados foram submetidos a três intervenções em três dias distintos: placebo, 3 mg/kg e 6 mg/kg de cafeína. Avaliou-se a variação da temperatura da pele pela termografia infravermelha (TIR), FC e PA antes e após a suplementação de cafeína. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo teste Two-Way ANOVA e teste T, adotando um nível de significância de 5%. Nenhum dos dois grupos obteve diferença entre as doses e a temperatura nos diferentes tempos. As doses 3 mg/kg e 6 mg/kg de cafeína provocaram PA sistólicas mais altas ao final do protocolo nos pequenos consumidores. O consumo de 6 mg/kg provocou maior PA diastólica ao final nos pequenos consumidores. Não foram observadas alterações de FC em nenhum dos dois grupos, com nenhuma das dosagens. Concluiu-se que independentemente da dosagem ofertada e hábito de consumo, não houve efeito termogênico medido por TIR, bem como a resposta da FC de repouso. No entanto, pequenos consumidores habituais de cafeína são mais sensíveis ao composto, com aumento da PA sistólica após consumo agudo de 3 mg/kg e 6 mg/kg de cafeína.

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Effects of conventional and sugar-free energy drinks intake in runners: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Compounding of Liquid and Solid Dose Adjustable Formulations with Pantoprazole: Comparison of Stability, Applicability and Suitability

Compounding of Liquid and Solid Dose Adjustable Formulations with Pantoprazole: Comparison of Stability, Applicability and Suitability

International society of sports nutrition position stand: energy drinks and energy shots

O consumo de cafeína pode alterar parâmetros cardiovasculares e temperatura da pele em homens adultos?

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