Effects of coping and cooperative instructions on guilty and informed innocents' physiological responses to concealed information

Zvi, Liza; Nachson, Israel; Elaad, Eitan

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.01.022

Cited by 24 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…One experimenter met the participants individually and informed them about their role in the experiment, registered their gender and age, and obtained their informed consent to participate in the experiment and undergo a polygraph test. The participants were assigned to one of the five groups (guilty-low prospect of success; guilty-high prospect of success; informed innocents-high prospect of success; informed innocents-low prospect of success; and uninformed innocents-no indicated prospect) according to a predetermined random order, and randomly assigned to one of four different crime profiles, according to their gender and month of birth (Zvi et al, 2012;see below).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method has been frequently employed in CIT studies (Ben-Shakhar, 1977;Elaad, 2010;Ben-Shakhar, 1989, 1997;Verschuere et al, 2007;Vossel et al, 2003), and was recommended by the National Research Council (2003) as highly relevant for descriptions of the diagnostic value of polygraph tests. For a detailed description see (Zvi et al, 2012).…”

Section: Roc Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to further account for components of the CIT other than knowledge, Zvi et al (2012) proposed the existence of differential states of mind of guilty and innocent suspects during the test. Specifically, they found that guilty and innocent participants differed in their readiness to cope (guilty participants) or cooperate (innocent participants) with the CIT, and that adoption of a coping attitude toward the test made the participants highly responsive to the critical information (relative to their responses to the control alternatives) whereas adoption of a cooperative attitude attenuated these responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the notion that guilty participants hold a coping attitude toward the test whereas innocent participants are more cooperative (Zvi et al, 2012;Elaad, 2014), it was hypothesized that high prospects of success on the test (Exp. 1) and a highly efficient detection system (Exp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effects of perceived efficacy and prospect of success on detection in the Guilty Actions Test

Zvi¹,

Nachson²,

Elaad³

2015

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Roc Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of perceived efficacy and prospect of success on detection in the Guilty Actions Test

Zvi¹,

Nachson²,

Elaad³

2015

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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“…Hence we are speaking of two distinctive motivational processes or states of mind (Zvi et al 2010). To address the insufficient engagement of guilty participants in the experimental settings and to better simulate the state of guilt that actual suspects may experience, the definition of guilt presented by Elaad (2009) was adopted for the purposes of the present study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Incomplete Information on the Detection of Concealed Crime Details

Elaad

2011

Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback

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The accuracy of the Concealed Information Test in correct classification of informed guilty and informed innocent participants was assessed when the explicitness of the obtained information varied. For these purposes, a mock crime procedure was employed and participants were randomly assigned to six conditions formed by combinations of two levels of the state of guilt (guilty and innocent) and three levels of information completeness (exact, indicative, non-specific). As expected, informed guilty participants were more accurately detected than informed innocents. It was further found that when the gathered information was less explicit, detection efficiency decreased. Theoretical and practical implications of the present results are discussed.

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Resistance to coaching in forced‐choice testing

Orthey

Vrij

Meijer

et al. 2018

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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In forced-choice tests (FCTs), examinees are typically presented with questions with two equally plausible answer alternatives, of which only one is correct. The rationale underlying this test is that guilty examinees tend to avoid relevant crime information, producing a nonrandom response pattern. The validity of FCTs is reduced when examinees are informed about this underlying rationale, with coached guilty examinees refraining from avoiding the correct information but trying to provide a random mix of correct and incorrect answers. To detect such intentional randomization, a "runs" test-looking at the distribution of the number of alternations between correct and incorrect answers-has been suggested but with limited success. We designed a runs test based on distinguishing between patterns that look random and patterns that are random. Specifically, we alternated the horizontal presentation (i.e., presentation left or right on the screen) of the correct answer alternative between each trial.As a consequence, guilty examinees were faced with having to choose to randomize either between correct and incorrect answers-leading to chance performance-or between answers presented on the left or right, producing a pattern that "looks" random. As innocent examinees are unaware of the correct answers, they can only randomize between horizontal positions. Results showed that the number of correct items selected distinguished guilty from innocent examinees only when they were not informed about the underlying rationale. In contrast, alternations between correct and incorrect answers did distinguish informed guilty from innocent examinees. Incremental validity of the alternation criterion and theoretical implications are discussed.

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Effects of coping and cooperative instructions on guilty and informed innocents' physiological responses to concealed information

Cited by 24 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of perceived efficacy and prospect of success on detection in the Guilty Actions Test

Effects of perceived efficacy and prospect of success on detection in the Guilty Actions Test

Effects of Incomplete Information on the Detection of Concealed Crime Details

Resistance to coaching in forced‐choice testing

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