Effects of Copper Status on Neutrophil Function, Superoxide Dismutase, and Copper Distribution in Steers

Abstract

Twelve Holstein steers in a completely randomized block design were fed either a basal diet (concentrate:silage or hay at a DM ratio of 35:65) plus Cu sulfate at 20 ppm of Cu (Cu-supplemented diet) or a basal diet plus ammonium molybdate to obtain 10 ppm of Mo (Cu-depleting diet) on a DM basis in the whole diet for 8 mo. Supplemental Mo was utilized in the Cu-depleting diet to develop a Cu-deficient group. Molybdenum slowly accumulated in the liver in the group fed the Cu-depleting diet. Copper concentrations in the liver and polymorphonuclear neutrophils decreased in the Cu-deficient group compared with the Cu-sufficient group. Plasma Cu concentration did not change during the trial for the Cu-sufficient group. In the Cu-deficient group, plasma Cu concentrations increased during the first 3 mo of the trial, then declined, and remained unchanged for the last 5 mo. Superoxide dismutase activities in red blood cells, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, and whole blood decreased in the Cu-deficient group. Phagocytic capacity was not affected by Cu status, but killing capacity was decreased by low Cu status in the Cu-deficient group by the end of the trial. Glutathione peroxidase activity was unaffected by Cu status. Clinical symptoms of Cu-deficiency were not observed in this trial; there was no evidence of blood hemoglobin or BW gain difference between the two groups. In this study, Cu status affected its distribution in the tissues and related enzyme activities as well as bactericidal function of neutrophils.

Role of Copper Efflux in Pneumococcal Pathogenesis and Resistance to Macrophage-Mediated Immune Clearance

“…It should be noted that additional mechanisms of killing are likely playing accompanying roles in the observed phenotypes. For example, copper deficiency renders neutrophils less effective at microbial killing, though the precise mechanism has yet to be elucidated (46)(47)(48). Loss of copper efflux may also make the pneumococcus more sensitive to host sequestration of other essential transition metals, such as manganese or zinc, as the relative levels of transition metals are increasingly being recognized as an important aspect of metal homeostasis.…”

Antidiabetic, antilipidemic, and antioxidant activities ofGouania longipetalamethanol leaf extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

“…Serum (0.1 ml) was added to 0.9 ml of phosphate buffer (pH 7.8). The extract (0.2 ml) was taken in triplicate and 2.5 ml of buffer added inside a cuvette and 0.3 ml of adrenaline solution added, mixed well, and absorbance was read at 450 nm at 30 s interval for five times (Xin et al, 1991).…”

Effect of supplementation of several coated vitamins and chelated trace minerals on reducing the incidences of subclinical mastitis in crossbred cows

“…Zinc, Cu and Cr play an important role in removing superoxide radicals (free radicals) from the body. These radicals can disrupt cellular membranes and cause cellular damage leaving the mammary gland more susceptible to infection, scarring, and loss in milk production (Xin et al, 1991;Sharma, 2007). Supplement containing vitamin E at higher level in the present study might have played a key role in protecting animals from sub-clinical and clinical mastitis.…”