Effects of copper sulfate and zinc oxide on weanling pig growth and plasma mineral levels (2009)

Shelton, N.W.; Tokach, Michael D.; DeRouchey, Joel M.; Hill, G. M.; Amachawadi, Raghavendra G.; Nagaraja, T. G.; Nelssen, Jim L.; Goodband, Robert D.; Dritz, Steven S.

doi:10.4148/2378-5977.6785

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Previous studies (Carlson et al, 2004;Li et al, 2006;Shelton et al, 2008) regarded higher dietary mineral levels (such as Cu and Zn) as means to improve piglet health and performance. Exceeding particular levels, however, leads to higher amounts of excreted minerals owing to the homeostatic mechanisms that regulate the concentration of minerals in the tissues (Creech et al, 2004) and even to toxic effects, in the case of Cu, which prompted the need for further research to decrease the level of this trace 1 Fresh faeces samples were collected daily from each cage, homogenized to obtain an average sample, and stored at −4 ºC until analysed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Certain Serum and Faeces Parameters in Weaned Piglets as a Response to Nutritional Stress

et al. 2015

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Weaning is associated with several stress factors and their effects on the piglet's body are fairly well known. Thus, changes were estimated in certain serum and faecal parameters after weaning owing to dietary protein level, though essential amino acid (AA) levels were maintained or reduced. Eighteen Topigs piglets were assigned randomly to three homogenous groups. The dietary protein level was reduced by 10% in diets 1 and 2 compared with diet C. Diet 1 had similar levels of essential AA to diet C, while the levels of essential AA in diet 2 were reduced by 10%. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture in the farrowing unit on four occasions: before and after separation from the sow; the day after transfer to the nursery; and seven days after weaning. Faecal excreta were collected daily. No major health problems arose, and total pathogen germs were not different among treatments. Cortisol concentration reached similar values to those from the farrowing unit seven days after weaning. Whatever the diet, vitamin E in plasma decreased significantly in the first seven days post weaning. The reduction of dietary protein, as well as essential AAs, adversely affected the concentration of Cu (by 17.3%) in plasma. Selenium concentration in plasma increased slightly, irrespective of diet. The authors conclude that providing dietary protein at a particular level (diet 1), while maintaining AAs at normal level, limits faecal nitrogenous content without significantly modifying stress indicators (except vitamin E) or faecal composition.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Certain Serum and Faeces Parameters in Weaned Piglets as a Response to Nutritional Stress

et al. 2015

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“…Copper may be provided in sulfate, oxide, or chloride forms, as chelated Cu, or as Cu hydroxychloride in order to induce a faster growth and a better resistance to various diseases, which, to a great extent, correlated with the improved metal bio-availability [ 5 , 6 ]. Copper sulfate (CuSO 4 ) is the most common form of inorganic copper suppplement in animal feeds due to its availability, and its relatively low cost compared with other sources of copper [ 7 ], which enhances growth performance and gut health [ 8 , 9 ]. On the other hand, organic copper such as copper amino acids, which improve apparent total tract digestibility and retention of copper in pigs by preventing formation of insoluble complexes along the gastrointestinal tract [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal microbiome shifts by different forms of copper supplementations in growing pigs

Kim¹,

Cho²,

Seong³

et al. 2021

J Anim Sci Technol

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Copper is an essential mineral for pigs, thus it is used as a feed additive in the forms of copper sulfate. Therefore, this study aimed at characterizing the fecal microbiota shifts in pigs as fed by different forms of copper supplementation. 40 growing pigs aged 73 ± 1 days with an average weight of 30.22 ± 1.92kg were randomly divided into 5 groups. The control group (CON) fed with basal diet, while treatment groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 100 ppm/kg of copper sulfate (CuSO4), Cu-glycine complex (CuGly), Cu-amino acid complex (CuAA), and Cu-hydroxy(4methylthio) butanoate chelate complex (CuHMB) for 28 days of trial, respectively.The data presented the comparison between inorganic and organic copper supplementation through gut microbiota in growing pigs. Alpha and Beta diversity anaylsis resulted in copper supplementation did shifted gut microbioal community structure. At the phylum level, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant phyla at all times regardless of treatment. At the genus level, the relative abundances of Prevotella, Lactobacillus, Megasphaera, and SMB53 of the CuGly and CuHMB groups were significantly higher than those of copper sulfate and basal diet groups. Overall, this study may provide the potential role of organic copper replacing inorganic copper, resulting in increased beneficial bacteria in the pig gut.

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“…Copper sulfate is soluble in water with decreased solubility upon subjection to increased acid conditions [104]. Copper sulfate is the most common form of supplemental Cu in animal feeding due to its availability, and its relatively low cost compared with other sources of Cu [105]. Results of a number of experiments have documented the effects of CuSO 4 in enhancing growth performance and gut health in weanling pigs [106][107][108][109].…”

Section: Copper Sources and Requirements For Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digestibility and metabolism of copper in diets for pigs and influence of dietary copper on growth performance, intestinal health, and overall immune status: a review

Espinosa

Stein

2021

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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The current contribution reviews absorption and metabolism of copper (Cu), Cu deficiency, Cu toxicity, Cu bioavailability, and effects of pharmacological levels of Cu on growth performance and intestinal health of pigs. Copper is a micro mineral involved in metabolic reactions including cellular respiration, tissue pigmentation, hemoglobin formation, and connective tissue development. Copper is mostly absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract, particularly in the duodenum, but some Cu is absorbed in the stomach. One way to evaluate the efficacy of sources of Cu is to measure relative bioavailability where responses include tissue concentrations of Cu, concentrations of metalloproteins, and enzymatic activity of animals fed test diets containing graded levels of Cu. The requirement for Cu by pigs is 5 to 10 mg/kg diet, however, Cu can be included at growth-promoting levels (i.e., 75 to 250 mg/kg diet) in diets for weanling and growing pigs to reduce post-weaning diarrhea and improve growth performance. The consistently observed improvement in growth performance upon Cu supplementation is likely a result of increases in lipase activity, growth hormone secretion, and expression of genes involved in post-absorptive metabolism of lipids. The growth-promoting effects of dietary Cu have also been attributed to its bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties because Cu may change bacterial populations in the intestine, and thereby reduce inflammation caused by pathogens. However, further research is needed to determine potential interactions between Cu and non-nutritive feed additives (e.g., enzymes, probiotics, phytobiotics), and the optimum quantity of Cu as well as the optimum duration of feeding supplemental Cu in diets for pigs should be further investigated. These gaps needs to be addressed to maximize inclusion of Cu in diets to improve growth performance while minimizing diseases and mortality.

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Effects of copper sulfate and zinc oxide on weanling pig growth and plasma mineral levels (2009)

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Changes in Certain Serum and Faeces Parameters in Weaned Piglets as a Response to Nutritional Stress

Changes in Certain Serum and Faeces Parameters in Weaned Piglets as a Response to Nutritional Stress

Fecal microbiome shifts by different forms of copper supplementations in growing pigs

Digestibility and metabolism of copper in diets for pigs and influence of dietary copper on growth performance, intestinal health, and overall immune status: a review

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