Effects of cortisol and progesterone on insulin binding and lipogenesis in adipocytes from normal and diabetic rats

Mendes, Ana; Madon, R. J.; Flint, David

doi:10.1677/joe.0.1060225

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Elevated Follicular development in ground squirrels progesterone secretion could enhance the progress of prehibernatory fattening. Female rats implanted with progesterone had an increased proportion of total body fat compared with control animals (Shirling et al 1981, Mendes et al 1985. Progesterone-treated rats ate more than controls when they had free access to food and also gained weight more rapidly when consuming the same amount of food as controls (Shirling et al 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Progesterone-treated rats ate more than controls when they had free access to food and also gained weight more rapidly when consuming the same amount of food as controls (Shirling et al 1981). Apart from permissive effects, for instance, by altering the number or activity of insulin receptors on the cell membrane (Mendes et al 1985), progesterone may directly affect fat cell metabolism (Krotkiewski & Björntorp 1976). Administering progesterone pronouncly increased fat cell size in the parametrial fat depot in rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Follicular development in European ground squirrels (Spermophilus citellus) in different phases of the annual cycle

Millesi

Strauss²,

Burger³

et al. 2008

Reproduction

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In seasonally breeding mammals, in particular hibernators, reproduction underlies severe energetic and temporal constraints to enable the allocation of sufficient body fat reserves before winter. Thus, the timing of conception in spring can be crucial in terms of reproductive success. This study investigates follicular development in European ground squirrels (Spermophilus citellus) in three phases of the annual cycle: at vernal emergence, after weaning the offspring and shortly before hibernation. The animals were kept in outdoor enclosures within the natural habitat of the species. They were captured in weekly intervals, weighed and reproductive status was determined. Unilateral ovariectomy was scheduled such that the three periods were sampled. Numbers and diameters of tertiary follicles (TF) and corpora lutea (CL) in each ovary were determined, and plasma oestradiol and progesterone levels were analysed. The highest numbers of TF, including Graafian follicles, were found in ovaries at vernal emergence. During post-lactation, the number of TF was lower and active CL appeared in the investigated ovaries. Shortly before hibernation, active CL were present, but luteolysis had started in some individuals. Both oestradiol and progesterone secretion peaked after the termination of lactation and decreased before hibernation. The results demonstrate a second oestrus cycle in European ground squirrels after weaning, including an active luteal phase. This non-reproductive oestrus cycle with its endocrine output is an intriguing phenomenon. It may positively affect both prehibernatory fattening and reproduction in the subsequent season.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Follicular development in European ground squirrels (Spermophilus citellus) in different phases of the annual cycle

Millesi

Strauss²,

Burger³

et al. 2008

Reproduction

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“…8 ML lower than EF and MF phases (P!0.01). enhanced insulin action (27)(28)(29)(30)42). This study is of particular interest as it is the first study in vivo to establish a link between progesterone, known for its lipogenic effects in females, and ASP, which is a potent fat storage factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abundant in vitro and in vivo evidence showed that progesterone is the female hormone mainly associated with increased fat storage and adipocyte differentiation (27)(28)(29). Estrogen, on the other hand, exhibits antilipolytic effects such as inhibition of lipoprotein lipase activity and reducing fat storage in adipocytes (30)(31)(32).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acylation-stimulating protein increases and correlates with increased progesterone levels during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle

Saleh¹,

Al-Khanbashi²,

Al-Maarof³

et al. 2009

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: The menstrual cycle represents a continuous state of change in terms of female sex steroid environment. Progesterone is linked to increased fat storage while estrogen exerts anti-lipogenic effects. This study investigated variations in the potent lipogenic factor acylation-stimulating protein (ASP), and examined its association with hormonal and lipid profile alterations across the menstrual cycle. Methods and design: Nineteen non-obese women with regular menstrual cycles were investigated in a longitudinal study during the follicular, ovulatory, and mid-luteal phases (ML) of the cycle. Fasting ASP, LH, FSH, progesterone, estradiol, insulin, lipid profile, and apoproteins were evaluated during different phases of the cycle. Results: ASP levels changed significantly throughout the menstrual cycle (K-related Friedman test: PZ0.013). Interestingly, these changes coincide with variations in progesterone levels across the cycle as no significant change in the ASP levels was seen across the follicular phases of the cycle, followed by a significant increase in the ovulatory phase, which continued to elevate toward the ML. The ASP levels correlated positively with the progesterone levels normally elevated in the ML. No significant correlation was seen between ASP and estrogen or any other measured female hormone. Multiple regression analysis including all measured parameters and body mass index showed that progesterone was the only significant predictor of the ASP levels. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that during the menstrual cycle of normal women, the ASP levels coincidentally fluctuate with the progesterone levels, possibly reflecting cooperation between them in fat storage enhancement.

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“…In this context, the induction of ADD1/ SREBP1c by progesterone might serve to maintain lipogenesis in maternal adipose tissue, to preserve energy fat stores required for lactation, a highly energy-consuming process. On the other hand, it has been observed that progesterone treatment of diabetic rats was able to induce lipogenesis in fat (37), further suggesting that in the absence of insulin, progesterone can serve as an alternative stimulating factor of adipose tissue lipogenesis. Thus, our present observation that ADD1/ SREBP1c is a progesterone-regulated transcription factor might provide a mechanism for the understanding of the physiological regulation of lipogenesis by progesterone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progesterone Stimulates Adipocyte Determination and Differentiation 1/Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein 1c Gene Expression

Lacasa¹,

Lièpvre²,

Ferré³

et al. 2001

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Fatty acid synthase (FAS), a nutritionally regulated lipogenic enzyme, is transcriptionally controlled by ADD1/SREBP1c (adipocyte determination and differentiation 1/sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c), through insulin-mediated stimulation of ADD1/SREBP1c expression. Progesterone exerts lipogenic effects on adipocytes, and FAS is highly induced in breast tumor cell lines upon progesterone treatment. We show here that progesterone up-regulates ADD1/SREBP1c expression in the MCF7 breast cancer cell line and the primary cultured preadipocyte from rat parametrial adipose tissue. In MCF7, progesterone induced ADD1/SREBP1c and Metallothionein II (a well known progesterone-regulated gene) mRNAs, with comparable potency. In preadipocytes, progesterone increased ADD1/SREBP1c mRNA dose-dependently, but not SREBP1a or SREBP2. Run-on experiments demonstrated that progesterone action on ADD1/SREBP1c was primarily at the transcriptional level. The membrane-bound and mature nuclear forms of ADD1/SREBP1 protein accumulated in preadipocytes cultured with progesterone, and FAS induction could be abolished by adenovirus-mediated overexpression of a dominant negative form of ADD1/SREBP1 in these cells. Finally, in the presence of insulin, progesterone was unable to up-regulate ADD1/SREBP1c mRNA in preadipocytes, whereas its effect was restored after 24 h of insulin deprivation. Together these results demonstrate that ADD1/SREBP1c is controlled by progesterone, which, like insulin, acts by increasing ADD1/SREBP1c gene transcription. This provides a potential mechanism for the lipogenic actions of progesterone on adipose tissue. Fatty acid synthase (FAS)1 is a multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes all the steps in the synthesis of long chain fatty acids from malonyl CoA. As a key lipogenic enzyme, FAS is expressed mainly in liver and adipose tissue, where it turns dietary carbohydrates to fat. In these tissues, the transcription of the FAS gene is under nutritional control, leading to commensurately regulated activity of the enzyme. Briefly, feeding a high carbohydrate diet induces, whereas fasting or consuming a high fat diet decreases, FAS gene expression. Insulin (1), glucose (2), fatty acids (3-5), and cAMP (6) are direct effectors of the nutritional regulation of FAS, exerting coordinated effects on FAS gene transcription at the promoter level.High levels of FAS expression are also found in some tumor cells of breast cancer (7-9) and derived cell lines, where it is associated with a worsened prognosis (10). cDNA for FAS has been cloned initially as a progestin-responsive mRNA by differential screening of the MCF7 breast cancer cell line (11), and further studies have established that FAS expression was induced by progestins in the normal mammary gland also (12). The mechanism of FAS induction by progestins relies primarily on transcriptional activation, as shown by run-on studies (13). However, the direct implication of the progesterone receptor in the FAS gene-stimulated transcription has not been clearly established....

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Effects of cortisol and progesterone on insulin binding and lipogenesis in adipocytes from normal and diabetic rats

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Follicular development in European ground squirrels (Spermophilus citellus) in different phases of the annual cycle

Follicular development in European ground squirrels (Spermophilus citellus) in different phases of the annual cycle

Acylation-stimulating protein increases and correlates with increased progesterone levels during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle

Progesterone Stimulates Adipocyte Determination and Differentiation 1/Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein 1c Gene Expression

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