Effects of Cortisol Suppression on Sleep-Associated Consolidation of Neutral and Emotional Memory

Wagner, Ullrich; Degirmenci, Metin; Drosopoulos, Spyridon; Perras, Boris; Born, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.05.008

Cited by 109 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Enhancement of neuronal glucose utilization by insulin 29 as well as the observed suppression of cortisol release may have further supported memory improvement. 30 Glucocorticoids can inhibit synaptic long-term potentiation and decrease hippocampal glutamate turnover by binding to hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors. 31 Also, long-term increases in corticosteroids are associated with reduced branching of hippocampal dendrites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obese men respond to cognitive but not to catabolic brain insulin signaling

et al. 2007

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Context and objective: Insulin acts in the brain to reduce food intake and body weight and is considered a major adiposity signal in energy homeostasis. In normal-weight men, intranasal insulin administration reduces body fat and improves declarative memory. The present experiments aimed to generalize these findings to obese patients, with a view to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the compound. Design, subjects and measurements: Insulin and placebo, respectively, were intranasally administered four times a day (amounting to 160 IU day À1 ) over 8 weeks to two groups of 15 obese men each. Results: Contrasting with the catabolic effects in normal-weight men, insulin treatment did not induce any significant reduction of body weight (P40.50) and body fat (P40.44) in the obese subjects. However, in accordance with the effects in normalweight men, declarative memory and mood were improved (Po0.05) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity as assessed by circulating ACTH (Po0.01) and cortisol levels (Po0.04) was reduced. Conclusions: Our results indicate that in obese men, intranasal insulin is functionally active in the central nervous system but fails to affect the neuronal networks critically involved in body weight regulation. We conclude that obesity in men is associated with central nervous resistance to the adiposity signal insulin. This defect likely contributes to the persistence of obesity in spite of elevated levels of circulating insulin in obese patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obese men respond to cognitive but not to catabolic brain insulin signaling

et al. 2007

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“…The inhibition is partly achieved by cortisol binding to glucocorticoid receptors in the amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenals. However, it is also important to maintain cortisol concentrations above a critical threshold since low cortisol may result in a disturbed memory formation or a life-threatening adrenal crisis [2,3].…”

Section: Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal system: homeostasis by interacting positive and negative feedback

et al. 2009

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The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system is closely related to stress and the restoration of homeostasis. This system is stimulated in the second half of the night, decreases its activity in the daytime, and reaches the homeostatic level during the late evening. In this paper, we derive and discuss a novel model for the HPA system. It is based on three simple rules that constitute a principle of homeostasis and include only the most substantive physiological elements. In contrast to other models, its main components include, apart from the conventional negative feedback ingredient, a positive feedback loop. To validate the model, we present a parameter estimation procedure that enables one to adapt the model to clinical observations. Using this methodology, we are able to show that the novel model is capable of simulating clinical trials. Furthermore, the stationary state of the system is investigated. We show that, under mild conditions, the system always has a well-defined set-point, which reflects the clinical situation to be modeled. Finally, M. Conrad (B)

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“…Studies suggest that the impact of glucose metabolism may be targeted at the hippocampus, and so our data provides indirect support for this hypothesis. Neuroimaging studies suggest that a network of regions engaged during task unrelated self-generated thoughts [10,11,12] is similar to those activated by the recollection of personal and emotional memories [28], self-awareness [29], hypothetical moral decision making [30] and many other cognitive functions that can help an individual navigate the complex social environment in which they exist (see [31] for a review). The pilot data here will provide the groundwork for shedding the light on the importance of the hippocampus in mediating selfgenerated imaginative processes by exploring the link between glucose metabolism and the neural recruitment that occurs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food for Thought: the Efficiency of Glucose Metabolism Predicts the Self-generation of Temporally Distant Cognition

Riby¹,

Orme²,

Greer³

et al. 2014

RPBS

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The generation of thought independent of environmental input occupies almost half of mental life and is important for skills such as creativity and planning. To understand how this ubiquitous cognitive process relates to the brain's 'energy budget', a cross-sectional study is carried out to examine how the capacity for mental time travel relates to the efficiency with which adults metabolize glucose, the brain's primary source of fuel. On day 1 the ability of a group of 36 younger and 36 older individuals to metabolize glucose was assessed using the gold standard two-hour glucose tolerance test. Twenty-four hours later, the same group of participants returned to the laboratory to perform a non-demanding choice reaction time task during which experience sampling was used to assess the frequency with which they generated thoughts that were unrelated to the here and now. Analysis indicated that younger individuals who were the most efficient at metabolizing glucose exhibited mental time travel that spanned longer time periods. Given the importance of self-generated thought in daily life these results suggest that the capacity to mentally simulate events not present in the immediate environment is highly dependent on efficient glucose metabolism.

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Effects of Cortisol Suppression on Sleep-Associated Consolidation of Neutral and Emotional Memory

Cited by 109 publications

References 82 publications

Obese men respond to cognitive but not to catabolic brain insulin signaling

Obese men respond to cognitive but not to catabolic brain insulin signaling

Modeling the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal system: homeostasis by interacting positive and negative feedback

Food for Thought: the Efficiency of Glucose Metabolism Predicts the Self-generation of Temporally Distant Cognition

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