Effects of COVID-19 on the Australian Economy: Insights into the Mobility and Unemployment Rates in Education and Tourism Sectors

Abstract

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected global economies due to lockdowns, business closures, and travel and other restrictions. To control the spread of the virus, several countries, including Australia, imposed strict border restrictions and lockdown measures. Accordingly, international borders have been closed, and all incoming international passengers are mandated to a 14-day hotel quarantine. Residents’ movements and businesses have been limited to essential services only. Employees have been directed to work from home while businesses moved to a remote working model. Due to such stringent measures, small and medium businesses such as cafes, restaurants, hotels, childcare centers, and tourism-based institutions incurred heavy losses, pushing a considerable portion of such small businesses to close. The airlines, education, tourism, and hospitality sector were the worst impacted among all. Due to such closures and associated effects of COVID-19, the unemployment rates are assumed to be significantly increased in countries like Australia. However, a study investigating this unemployment and reporting its status does not exist for Australia. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of COVID-19 control measures such as travel restriction and lockdown on Australia’s employment status and labor markets. The data for the local transport network, unemployment rates and impacts on the tourism industry in Australia were extracted from the public data sources to assess the unemployment rates at both national and state-wide levels. Further, we also looked into the rehabilitation measures by the Australian government, such as the Job Keeper and Job Seeker programs in March 2020, that aim to provide support to people who are unable to run their businesses or have lost their jobs due to the pandemic. Overall, we observed that despite the global crisis, the Australian unemployment rate has reduced in the last year.

Impact of domestic tourism on economy under COVID-19: The perspective of tourism satellite accounts

“…However, the direct value added from tourism falls by about half, as does the tourism contribution rate. These outcomes corroborate that tourism, as an economic sector, has been arguably hit the worst by COVID-19 ( Munawar, Khan, Ullah, Kouzani, & Mahmud, 2021 ; Nicola et al, 2020 ). The evaluation of tourism direct value added in terms of employee compensation, net taxes on production, depreciation of fixed assets, and operating surplus is nearly identical across the two years.…”

Smarter Sustainable Tourism: Data-Driven Multi-Perspective Parameter Discovery for Autonomous Design and Operations

“…The impression of tourism during and after a Pandemic has been altered by policies and travel restrictions established in numerous countries. The dimensions and issues related to this parameter include sharp reduction in the number of tourist arrivals [222][223][224], increased travel costs and the effects on the restaurant industry [225], airlines industry [226], lockdown of the places of religious tourism [227], and almost entire national economies [228,229].…”

Exploring the distribution, trends, and causal associations of household economic burden in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown blues (2020-2021): A longitudinal national survey

“…In addition, the policy response to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the workforce [12], especially the casual part-time workers. Hence, it is important to investigate the economic burden and its associated factors due to lockdown during the pandemic in Australia and identify mitigation measures to confront the current and future economic consequences.…”