Effects of creatine on mental fatigue and cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation

Watanabe, Atai; Kato, Nobuo; Kato, Takeshi

doi:10.1016/s0168-0102(02)00007-x

Cited by 158 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…2) is consistent with the report (11) that it reduced the rate at which a decline in the performance of a demanding task occurred. Although mean reaction times are often reported, there is a long tradition of considering intra-individual variability; in fact, Jensen (16) considered this the most sensitive measure that can be derived from reaction times.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The influence of creatine supplementation on the cognitive functioning of vegetarians and omnivores

Benton

Donohoe

2010

Br J Nutr

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Creatine when combined with P forms phosphocreatine that acts as a reserve of high-energy phosphate. Creatine is found mostly in meat, fish and other animal products, and the levels of muscle creatine are known to be lower in vegetarians. Creatine supplementation influences brain functioning as indicated by imaging studies and the measurement of oxygenated Hb. Given the key role played by creatine in the provision of energy, the influence of its supplementation on cognitive functioning was examined, contrasting the effect in omnivores and vegetarians. Young adult females (n 128) were separated into those who were and were not vegetarian. Randomly and under a double-blind procedure, subjects consumed either a placebo or 20 g of creatine supplement for 5 d. Creatine supplementation did not influence measures of verbal fluency and vigilance. However, in vegetarians rather than in those who consume meat, creatine supplementation resulted in better memory. Irrespective of dietary style, the supplementation of creatine decreased the variability in the responses to a choice reaction-time task.Key words: Attention: Creatine: Memory: Reaction times: Vegetarians When creatine combines with P to form phosphocreatine, it acts as a reserve of high-energy phosphate that is used to rapidly convert ADP back to adenosine triphosphate (1) . In humans, although 95 % of the total creatine pool is found in skeletal muscle, high levels are also found in the heart, brain and testes. In particular, it is surprising that the influence of brain creatine status has not attracted more interest as the brain is the most metabolically active organ in the body, accounting for 20 % of BMR, although it represents only about 2 % of body weight (2) . The present study has therefore examined the influence of creatine supplementation on human cognition, in particular comparing the response of vegetarians and omnivores as there are reports that a vegetarian diet is associated with poorer creatine status (3) .

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The influence of creatine supplementation on the cognitive functioning of vegetarians and omnivores

Benton

Donohoe

2010

Br J Nutr

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“…It is appealing to correlate the Ht level to quality of life and energy scores as it has already been demonstrated in renal insufficiency and after chemotherapy. [21][22][23][24][25] Furthermore, Ht on the day following surgery and on the day of discharge were significantly higher in the EPO than in the ABD group. Assessment of early postoperative recovery, (vigour and functional ability) in surgical patients is considered to be important for optimizing patient rehabilitation, discharge planning and health system resource utilization.…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Deux injections d’érythropoïétine corrigent une anémie modérée chez la plupart des patients en attente d’une opération orthopédique

Rosencher

Poisson²,

Albi

et al. 2005

Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth

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B Ba ac ck kg gr ro ou un nd d: : The primary objective of this study was to assess the number of erythropoietin (EPO) injections required to reach a hematocrit (Ht) of 40% in moderately anemic patients. The secondary objective was to compare this strategy with autologous blood donation (ABD) in elective orthopedic surgery in terms of red blood cell (RBC) production.S St tu ud dy y d de es si ig gn n a an nd d m me et th ho od ds s: : 93 patients with a baseline Ht between 30 and 39% were randomized into two groups the day of the preoperative assessment. In the EPO group, patients received 40,000 UI/week sc until they reached a maximal Ht of 40%. In the ABD group, a RBC pack was collected every week as long as the Ht was above 33%.R Re es su ul lt ts s: : Two EPO injections were necessary to reach a 40% Ht in 63% of the patients. It was possible to collect two RBC packs in 45% of the patients in the ABD group. Volume of RBC production was significantly higher in the EPO group: 268 ± 142 mL vs 141 ± 129 (P = 0.0001). In the EPO group, Ht was significantly higher on days one and three after surgery and at discharge. The energy score was better in the EPO group. In the ABD group, 12.6% patients vs 6.5% in the EPO group received allogeneic transfusion (ns).C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : Only two EPO injections were sufficient to reach a Ht of 40% in the majority of patients. Therefore, to improve cost/effectiveness, the number of EPO injections should be related to baseline Ht instead of the four injections recommended in the product monograph. Objectif : Évaluer le nombre d'injections d'érythropoïétine (EPO) nécessaires pour atteindre un hématocrite (Ht) de 40 % chez des patients modérément anémiques. Aussi, comparer cette stratégie avec le don de sang autologue (DSA) en chirurgie orthopédique réglée en termes de production de globules rouges (GR). Méthode : Des patients (n = 93) présentant un Ht de base de 30 à 39 % ont été répartis en deux groupes le jour de l'évaluation

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“…Increases in glucose availability, from the ingestion of sugars or the release of the acute stress hormone norepinephrine, improve memory (Wenk 1989;Foster et al 1998), with the effects being particularly pronounced in demanding tasks (Sunram-Lea et al 2002). Creatine, a nutrient that improves energy availability, also appears to benefit overall cognitive performance (Rae et al 2003) and reduce mental fatigue (Watanabe et al 2002;McMorris et al 2006). Besides being an energy source, food can contribute to cognition by providing amino acids needed in the production of neurotransmitters, which is particularly important during periods of stress or sustained concentration (Banderet and Lieberman 1989;Deijen et al 1999;Lieberman 2003).…”

Section: Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Enhancement: Methods, Ethics, Regulatory Challenges

2009

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Cognitive enhancement takes many and diverse forms. Various methods of cognitive enhancement have implications for the near future. At the same time, these technologies raise a range of ethical issues. For example, they interact with notions of authenticity, the good life, and the role of medicine in our lives. Present and anticipated methods for cognitive enhancement also create challenges for public policy and regulation.

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Effects of creatine on mental fatigue and cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation

Cited by 158 publications

References 23 publications

The influence of creatine supplementation on the cognitive functioning of vegetarians and omnivores

The influence of creatine supplementation on the cognitive functioning of vegetarians and omnivores

Deux injections d’érythropoïétine corrigent une anémie modérée chez la plupart des patients en attente d’une opération orthopédique

Cognitive Enhancement: Methods, Ethics, Regulatory Challenges

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