EFFECTS OF CRUSHING ON THE STRUCTURE AND VIABILITY OF
            <i>BACILLUS SUBTILIS</i>
            SPORES

Monk, G. W.; Hess, George E.; Schenk, H. L.

doi:10.1128/jb.74.3.292-296.1957

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…That such mechanical pressure would rupture spores was demonstrated by Monk, Hess, and Schenk (1957). These workers reported that, when B. subtilis var.…”

Section: Ifmentioning

confidence: 97%

Rapid Methods of Staining Bacterial Spores at Room Temperature

et al. 1965

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Bacillus subtilis var. niger were stained in 2 min at room temperature, after suitable pretreatment, with a dye reagent composed of 2% crystal violet in 1% phenol and 26% ethanol. Pretreatments included heat fixation to 260 C, mechanical rupture, and hydrolysis at room temperature in 44 N H3PO4 for 5 min, 33.4 N H3PO4 for 10 min, 12 N HCl for 5 see, 6 N HCl for 2 min, 12 N HNO3 for 5 sec, and 6 N HNO3 for 60 see. Acid hydrolysis at 60 C enabled the lowering of both acid concentration and time: 33.4 N H3PO4 for 15 sec, 25.9 N H3PO4 for 60 see, 2 N HCI for 30 see, 1 N HCl for 30 sec, 2 N HN03 for 15 see, and 1 N HNO3 for 30 see. After acid treatment, 1 N NaOH was used as a neutralization agent. The cytological manifestations of these pretreatments, examined in an electron microscope after replication, showed definite degradation of spore coats, which probably explains the increase in dye permeability. The pretreatments were evaluated for use in a differential staining procedure for spores and vegetative cells. They were found to be too drastic in that they resulted in replacement of the primary dye by the 0.25% safranine counter stain in both vegetative cells and endospores. Less drastic pretreatments, such as 6 N HNO3 for 10 sec at room temperature, gave good differential stains, but failed to stain some free spores. The staining techniques above were evaluated with six species of Bacilluts and were found to apply to all.

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“…That such mechanical pressure would rupture spores was demonstrated by Monk, Hess, and Schenk (1957). These workers reported that, when B. subtilis var.…”

Section: Ifmentioning

confidence: 97%

Rapid Methods of Staining Bacterial Spores at Room Temperature

et al. 1965

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“…Variation in the results led to a careful examination of the resulting film, which gave evidence of mechanical destruction of some of the spores. Mechanical injury to vegetative cells by rubbing with the loop was observed by Yegian and Porter (1944), and vulnerability of the endospore to pressure applied on a cover glass has also been reported (Monk, Hess, and Schenk, 1957;Tomesik and Baumann-Grace, 1959;Lewis, Snell, and Burr, 1960), but it was surprising that the endospore would also be susceptible to injury by the apparently gentle pressure of the loop. This led to a more systematic study of the effect, not only of rubbing with the loop, but also of sonic vibration and of freezing and thawing on the endospore and its germination.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

EFFECTS OF SOME MECHANICAL FACTORS ON THE ENDOSPORES OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS

Knaysi

Curran

1961

J Bacteriol

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Effects of some mechanical factors on the endospores of Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 82:691-694. 1961.-Phase contrast microscopy was used to study incipient spore germination and early growth under conditions involving agitation with a platinum wire loop, sonic oscillation, and freezing and thawing. Treatment resulted in change in optical properties and destruction of a certain proportion of the spores. Up to one-tenth of the spores was destroyed by loop agitation. Sonic oscillation had little apparent effect upon incipient germination (darkening) of the spores, but subsequent development involving growth was stimulated in a considerable proportion. The effect of freezing and thawing upon incipient germination is discussed. ' This study was carried out in the Dairy

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Mechanical Germination of Bacterial Spores

Rode¹,

Foster²

1960

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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EFFECTS OF CRUSHING ON THE STRUCTURE AND VIABILITY OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS SPORES

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Rapid Methods of Staining Bacterial Spores at Room Temperature

Rapid Methods of Staining Bacterial Spores at Room Temperature

EFFECTS OF SOME MECHANICAL FACTORS ON THE ENDOSPORES OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS

Mechanical Germination of Bacterial Spores

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