Effects of DDT on bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) adrenal gland

Lehman, Jeff; Peterle, Tony J.; Mills, Charlotte

doi:10.1007/bf01685295

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…At egg levels of p,p′ ‐DDE contamination similar to those of tree swallows in the current study, Lorenzen et al [24] also established no relationship between concentration of p,p′ ‐DDE and basal corticosterone in herring gull embryos. Nonetheless, research has revealed dose‐dependent reductions in plasma corticosterone in chickens fed a minimum of 5 ppm technical grade DDT for several weeks [25] and dose‐response increases in the cortical:medullary ratio in 28‐d‐old northern bobwhite ( Colinus virginianus ) fed diets incorporated with 50 and 100 ppm technical grade DDT [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results from Jönsson et al [15] demonstrated covalent binding and vacuolar degeneration of adrenal inter‐renal cells of birds dosed with MeSO 2 ‐DDE. Nonlethal sampling of bluebirds precluded histopathological evaluation of adrenal sections; however, the levels of p,p′ ‐DDE found in bluebird eggs (0.167–95.4 mg/kg) bracket the concentrations of DDT and p,p′ ‐DDE used in dosing studies that showed morphological and weight changes in avian adrenal glands [26,32]. Alternatively, mixed‐function oxidase activity may have been induced by the high levels of p,p′ ‐DDE in bluebirds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chem. 23, 2004 2937 Nonetheless, research has revealed dose-dependent reductions in plasma corticosterone in chickens fed a minimum of 5 ppm technical grade DDT for several weeks [25] and dose-response increases in the cortical:medullary ratio in 28-d-old northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) fed diets incorporated with 50 and 100 ppm technical grade DDT [26].…”

Section: Effects Of Orchard Pesticides and Ppј-dde On Songbirdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stress and immune responses of nestling tree swallows (Tachycinet bicolor) and eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) exposed to nonpersistent pesticides and p,p′‐dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene in apple orchards of southern ontario, canada

Mayne

Martin

Bishop

et al. 2004

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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To determine the relative effects of pesticides in current use and persistent residues of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), we examined endocrine and immune responses in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) and eastern bluebird (Sialia sialis) chicks from pesticide-sprayed apple orchards and reference sites in southern Ontario, Canada, during 2000 to 2001. Nests were exposed to as many as seven individual pesticide applications and up to five mixtures of pesticides during the egg-incubation and chick-rearing stage. Eggs collected from sprayed orchards contained higher p,p'-DDE concentrations than eggs from reference sites. In 16-d-old tree swallows, no significant differences were found in body mass, basal corticosterone concentration, or the corticosterone stress response following a 10-min restraint of chicks sampled from sprayed orchards and reference sites. Challenge with adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), however, produced a higher level of corticosterone secretion in tree swallow chicks from sprayed orchards relative to chicks from reference sites. Multiple regression analysis revealed no correlation between corticosterone concentrations and exposure to pesticide sprays or p,p'-DDE in tree swallow chicks. In contrast, bluebird chicks from sprayed orchards were less responsive to challenge with ACTH and a significant negative association was found between the response to ACTH challenge and p,p'-DDE concentration in eggs. The phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response was similar between exposure groups in both tree swallow and bluebird nestlings. Examination of immune organs revealed that tree swallow chicks from sprayed orchards had significantly greater thymic lymphocyte density and cortical/ medullary ratios and significant splenic B-cell hyperplasia relative to reference chicks. Our results indicate that modulation in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in songbird chicks tested are most associated with high p,p'-DDE egg concentrations. An alteration in the endocrine or immune system may compromise songbird survival immediately after fledging or during migration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Orchard Pesticides and Ppј-dde On Songbirdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Stress and immune responses of nestling tree swallows (Tachycinet bicolor) and eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) exposed to nonpersistent pesticides and p,p′‐dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene in apple orchards of southern ontario, canada

Mayne

Martin

Bishop

et al. 2004

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The lipid composition of the adrenal cortex also remained unchanged. The observed changes were thought to occur due to adrenocortical hyperplasia [ 44 ]. Studies of o,p’-DDT have shown that a dose of 50 mg/kg causes cell atrophy and degeneration in the zonae fasciculata and reticularis of the human adrenal cortex [ 45 ]; thus, it was found that the toxicity mechanism of o,p’-DDT is different from that of DDE, although their metabolisms are partly the same.…”

Section: History Of Investigations On Affection Of the Adrenal Glands By Subtoxic And Toxic Doses Of Ddtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and the Adrenal Gland: From Toxicity to Endocrine Disruption

Timokhina

Yaglov

Назимова

2021

Toxics

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Endocrine disruptors are exogenous compounds that pollute the environment and have effects similar to hormones when inside the body. One of the most widespread endocrine disruptors in the wild is the pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Toxic doses of DDT are known to cause cell atrophy and degeneration in the adrenal zona fasciculata and zona reticularis. Daily exposure in a developing organism to supposedly non-toxic doses of DDT have been found to impair the morphogenesis of both the cortex and the medulla of the adrenal glands, as well as disturbing the secretion of hormones in cortical and chromaffin cells. Comparison of high and very low levels of DDT exposure revealed drastic differences in the morphological and functional changes in the adrenal cortex. Moreover, the three adrenocortical zones have different levels of sensitivity to the disruptive actions of DDT. The zona glomerulosa and zona reticularis demonstrate sensitivity to both high and very low levels of DDT in prenatal and postnatal periods. In contrast, the zona fasciculata is less damaged by low (supposedly non-toxic) exposure to DDT and its metabolites but is affected by toxic levels of exposure; thus, DDT exerts both toxic and disruptive effects on the adrenal glands, and sensitivity to these two types of action varies in adrenocortical zones. Disruptive low-dose exposure leads to more severe affection of the adrenal function.

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“…In the 1970s scientific interest was stimulated by declining populations of birds of prey as a result of exposure to dieldrin and aldrin 3 and subsequent research focussed, particularly, on effects of EDCs on vertebrate wildlife. [4][5][6] More recently, work has also focussed on potential risks to humans from a wider range of EDCs. [7][8][9][10][11] EDCs studied include, amongst others, chemicals incorporated in, or derived from, pesticides, plastics (phthalates), electrical equipment (polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)), incomplete combustion (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)) and flame retardants (polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential for use of gastropod molluscs as bioindicators of endocrine disrupting compounds in the terrestrial environment

Hall

Rhind²,

Wilson

2009

J. Environ. Monit.

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Most early studies of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) investigated the effects of single compounds on vertebrate species but, more recently, the focus has changed to the study of effects of multiple chemicals on many species, including invertebrates. The widening of the range of species studied is critical to understanding the consequences of EDC effects on ecosystem function and sustainability. Much work on invertebrates has focussed on the aquatic environment, where molluscs have been used as effective bioindicators for EDCs. Although molluscs have been used to assess effects of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) in terrestrial environments, they have seldom been considered as potential indicators of EDC effects. In this paper key findings in vertebrate and invertebrate animal models are reviewed and discussed, the need to study different animal groups is highlighted and the potential value of terrestrial gastropod molluscs for biomonitoring of EDC effects in a range of terrestrial ecosystems is discussed. It is concluded that their role within the ecosystem and their ease of study in the field and laboratory signify their suitability as bioindicators.

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Effects of DDT on bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) adrenal gland

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Stress and immune responses of nestling tree swallows (Tachycinet bicolor) and eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) exposed to nonpersistent pesticides and p,p′‐dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene in apple orchards of southern ontario, canada

Stress and immune responses of nestling tree swallows (Tachycinet bicolor) and eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) exposed to nonpersistent pesticides and p,p′‐dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene in apple orchards of southern ontario, canada

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and the Adrenal Gland: From Toxicity to Endocrine Disruption

The potential for use of gastropod molluscs as bioindicators of endocrine disrupting compounds in the terrestrial environment

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