“…The major constituents of fennel essential oil are trans-anethole (anothole-E), estragole (methyl chavicol), αphellandrene, fenchone, α-pinene, and limonene (Rather et al, 2016). Several internal and external factors affect the content, chemical composition and bioactive properties of fennel essential oil, including part of the plant (Stefanini et al, 2006), stage of maturity (Telci et al, 2009), geographical origin (Bahmani et al, 2016), environmental and climate conditions (Figueredo et al, 2011), and also agronomic practices (Coban et al, 2018). It has been suggested that a study on a plant as a source of flavoring, such as fennel, requires analysis of not only its seeds but also other parts of the plant harvested at different growth stages (Stefanini et al, 2006).…”