Effects of deficit irrigation on tomato and eggplant and their infection with the root-knot nematode under controlled environmental conditions

Abstract

Deficit irrigation has been widely investigated as a valuable strategy for dry regions where water is the limiting factor in crop cultivation. Soil moisture can be one of the important factors that influence root-knot nematode (RKN) disease development. To determine how different levels of irrigation can affect disease development, irrigation regimes ranging from 20% to full field capacity (FC) were applied to tomato and eggplant plants inoculated with Meloidogyne javanica (M. javanica) under controlled conditions. In addition, in vitro bioassays were done to evaluate the effect of water potential and soil moisture content on M. javanica viability in the soil and reproduction on plant hosts. The relative egg hatching percentage decreased significantly with decreasing water potential from -0.1 to -1 MPa. The use of 80% irrigation level caused minor reductions in growth but significantly reduced nematode infection load. Nematode infection was reduced even further at lower levels of irrigation, however this also led to marked reductions in fresh and dry weights of the tomato and eggplants. Therefore, deficit irrigation could be used at a rate of 80% or 60% of FC to increase water use efficiency and reduce the level of RKN (M. javanica) infection without greatly reducing the growth performance of tomato and eggplant crops.

Resistance of new Coffea canephora clones to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in the western amazon

“…Several factors can affect the results of a challenge between pathogen and host. Biological factors such as inoculant virulence, seedling development, substrate composition, inoculation conditions, greenhouse humidity, temperature and solar irradiation, may be considered (Hua, 2013;Mohawesh;Karajeh, 2014;Carvalho et al, 2015;Özalp;Devran, 2018). In addition to standardizing the conditions of the biological tests, the principles of agricultural experimentation were considered to interpret all these factors together, as effects of the environment.…”

Evaluation of Deficit Irrigation Effects on Sugarbeet Productivity and Control of Root- knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita Infection

“…The DI levels decreased M. incognita in sugarbeet accompanied by a small reduction in root and sugar yields and sugar percent at the 75% irrigation level. DI can be applied to improve the effectiveness of the present control strategies to control root-knot nematodes (Jatala, 1985;Noling andBecker, 1994 andMohawesh andKarajeh, 2014) and increase WUEs. Prot (1979) reported that the J 2s of M. javanica accumulates most highly at the highest moisture content along a soil moisture gradient.…”

“…Soil moisture is an important factor affecting nematode development and infection (Wallace, 1963;Duncan et al, 1998 andHunter 2000). Increasing water stress decreases the water potential (from 1 to 10 bars) around root-knot nematode, M. javanica, which reduces the percentage of eggs hatching and increases the percentages of second stage juveniles mortality (Mohawesh and Karajeh, 2014). For coping with water shortage and scarce supplies, deficit irrigation, defined as application of water below the full requirement of the crop, is an important tool that achieves the goal of reducing the amount of water required for irrigation.…”

Fluctuation of Nematode Populations in some Vegetable Hosts under Drip and Conventional Irrigation Systems

“…Drip irrigation may have the ability to reduce soil moisture-sensitive plant diseases and pests (Shin 2005 andKarajeh 2013). Also, soil moisture considered as one of the most important factor which can affect nematode population and infection (Hunter 2000: andSurega andRamakrishnan 2017).…”

“…Also, soil moisture considered as one of the most important factor which can affect nematode population and infection (Hunter 2000: andSurega andRamakrishnan 2017). Moreover, increasing water stress can increases the second larval stage mortality and reduces the eggs hatchability of M. javanica (Mohawesh & Karajeh 2013). However, this is may be related to a particular hosts and particular localities (Norton, 1978).…”