Effects of diet form and corn particle size on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs

Nemechek, J.E.; Tokach, Mike D; Dritz, S. S.; Goodband, Robert D.; DeRouchey, Joel M.; Woodworth, J. C.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.02.002

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It has been reported that the ME of diets linearly increased as the particle size decreased (Rojas and Stein, 2015). According to habits of Chinese producers and the weight of pigs, the mean particle size of the corn in the current study was about 450 µm, which was smaller than the value (600 to 700 µm level) recommended for corn fed to growing pigs (Rojas and Stein, 2015;Nemechek et al, 2016).…”

Section: Energy Values and The Apparent Total Tract Digestibility Of contrasting

confidence: 58%

Available energy and amino acid digestibility of yellow dent corn fed to growing pigs1

Lyu

Zhang

et al. 2019

Journal of Animal Science

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Two experiments were conducted to determine the DE and ME as well as the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA in corn fed to growing pigs. All corn was yellow dent corn collected from different areas in China. In Exp. 1, 60 crossbred barrows (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire; 40.7 ± 3.5 kg BW) were randomly allotted to 1 of 10 diets to determine the DE and ME of corns. Diets were formulated to contain 96.8% of 1 of the 10 corn samples and 3.2% of other microingredients. In Exp. 2, 11 crossbred barrows (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire; 30.5 ± 2.3 kg) fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum were assigned to a 6 × 11 Youden square design with 6 periods and 11 diets. Diets included a N-free diet based on cornstarch and sucrose and 10 test diets formulated with 96.6% 1 of the 10 corns as the sole source of AA. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was added to each diet as an indigestible marker for calculating the AA digestibility. On a DM basis, the starch, ether extract (EE), CP, NDF, and ADF contents of corns averaged 74.05% (69.98 to 78.59%), 3.83% (2.04 to 4.73%), 9.63% (7.74 to 10.43%), 10.80% (10.27 to 11.46%), and 2.27% (2.03 to 2.57%), respectively. The CV of EE, CP, and ADF was 22.59, 8.22, and 8.21%, respectively. The DE and ME of corns averaged 4,087 and 3,981 kcal/kg, respectively, and ranged from 3,999 to 4,161 kcal/kg and from 3,898 to 4,067 kcal/kg, respectively. The DE and ME values were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with the EE content. Optimal prediction equations of ME were ME = 940.35 + (0.72 × DE) + (21.88 × EE) (R2 = 0.94) or ME = 1,051.50 + (0.82 × DE) − (282.05 × ash) (R2 = 0.99). In Exp. 2, significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in the SID of Arg, His, Phe, Ala, Pro, Cys, and Tyr. The SID of Lys (average 73.79%), Met (average 87.32%), and Thr (average 80.06%) ranged from 61.45 to 78.47%, from 74.09 to 90.91%, and from 79.19 to 85.79%, respectively. The standardized ileal digestible Met was positively correlated (P < 0.01) with the Met and CP contents. The obtained prediction equations were standardized ileal digestible Met = 31.34 + (3.43 × CP) + (116.04 × Met) and standardized ileal digestible Met = 104.92 + (294.71 × Met) − (7.03 × NDF). In conclusion, sources had an effect on the energy values and ileal digestibility of most AA in corn. The ME can be predicted by the DE combined with either the EE or ash content. The AA concentrations and SID of AA in corn varied largely.

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Section: Energy Values and The Apparent Total Tract Digestibility Of contrasting

confidence: 58%

Available energy and amino acid digestibility of yellow dent corn fed to growing pigs1

Lyu

Zhang

et al. 2019

Journal of Animal Science

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“…switched from meal to pelleted diets fed to finishing pigs and also observed no differences in carcass characteristics. Nemechek et al (2016) observed no significant differences in any carcass measurements when pigs were fed a pelleted diet compared with a meal diet. However, Potter et al (2010) observed that pigs fed a pelleted diet had improved carcass yield, but a tendency for decreased percentage lean and loin depth.…”

Section: Growth and Carcassmentioning

confidence: 82%

Evaluating pellet and meal feeding regimens on finishing pig performance, stomach morphology, and carcass characteristics1,2

Jong

DeRouchey

Tokach

et al. 2016

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Particle size reduction increases the surface area to volume ratio of the grain (Healy, 1994;Wondra et al, 1995c), thus allowing greater contact between grain particles and digestive enzymes. Reduction of particle size has been shown to decrease ADFI when fed to finishing pigs fed corn-based diets (Wondra et al, 1995b;De Jong et al, 2013;Nemechek et al, 2016).In the current study, feed intake was significantly impacted by roller mill configuration. However, when corn was ground to reduced particle sizes using a roller mill, an improvement in G:F was not observed, leading to a reduction in gain relative to the coarser-grinding configurations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Previously, roller mill technology could not achieve mean grain particle size below 600 µm on a consistent basis. Previous research often used a roller mill to grind coarse particle sizes due to the ability to achieve a precise target followed by grinding with a hammermill to grind to a finer particle size (Nemechek, 2016). However, recent introduction of roller mills with three or four sets of grinding rolls allow for grinding to fine particle size, while minimizing the amount of very fine particles compared with hammermill ground grain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of roller mill configuration on growth performance of nursery and finishing pigs and milling characteristics1

Gebhardt

Paulk

Tokach

et al. 2018

Journal of Animal Science

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Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of roller mill configuration on growth performance of nursery and finishing pigs, feed preference, and feed mill throughput. The four experimental treatments included corn ground through a roller mill using two, three, four sets of rolls in a fine-grind configuration, or four sets of rolls in a coarse grind configuration. The same roller mill was used for all configurations with the appropriate lower rolls completely open when using the two or three roll pair configurations. Across all studies, mean particle size averaged approximately 540, 435, 270, and 385 µm for the four roller mill configurations, respectively. In Exp. 1, 320 pigs (DNA 400 × 200, initially 10.7 ± 0.27 kg BW) were randomly allotted to treatments with five pigs per pen and 16 pens per treatment in a 21-d growth trial. While there were no evidence of differences observed for ADG or ADFI, pigs fed corn ground using the 4-high coarse configuration had a marginally significant (P = 0.091) improvement in G:F compared with those fed with the 2-high configuration, with others intermediate. In Exp. 2, 90 pigs (PIC 327 × 1050, initially 12.1 ± 0.25 kg BW) were randomly allotted to one of three diet comparisons to determine feed preference between the 2-high, 4-high fine, and 4-high coarse configurations. When given a choice, pigs consumed more (P < 0.05) of the diet containing corn ground through the 2-high roller mill (67%) or 4-high coarse configuration (63%) compared with corn ground through the 4-high fine configuration. In Exp. 3, 922 finishing pigs (PIC TR4 × [FAST Large white × PIC Line 2], initially 40.1 ± 0.36 kg BW) were used in a 97-d experiment with pens of pigs randomly allotted by initial BW to the same experimental treatments used in Exp. 1. There were 21 pigs per pen and 11 pens per treatment. Pigs fed corn ground with the 2-high configuration had greater (P < 0.05) ADG compared with those fed corn ground using the 3-high configuration. Pigs fed corn ground with the 4-high fine configuration had the poorest (P < 0.05) ADG. No differences were observed in G:F. Grinding rate (tonne/h) was greatest (P < 0.05) for the 4-high coarse configuration, while net electricity consumption (kWh/tonne) was lowest (P < 0.05) for the 2-high configuration and greatest for the 4-high fine configuration. In summary, nursery pig G:F tended to be greatest using the 4-high coarse configuration, and finishing pig ADG was maximized using the 2- and 4-high coarse configurations.

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Effects of diet form and corn particle size on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

Available energy and amino acid digestibility of yellow dent corn fed to growing pigs1

Available energy and amino acid digestibility of yellow dent corn fed to growing pigs1

Evaluating pellet and meal feeding regimens on finishing pig performance, stomach morphology, and carcass characteristics1,2

Effect of roller mill configuration on growth performance of nursery and finishing pigs and milling characteristics1

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