Effects of dietary antioxidants on glucose and insulin responses to glucose tolerance test in transition dairy cows

Chalmeh, Aliasghar; Pourjafar, Mehrdad; Badiei, Khalil; Mirzaei, Abdolah; Jalali, Mehrdad; Sebdani, Mohammad Mazrouei

doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106602

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…related to oxidative balance and insulin sensitivity. Chalmeh et al (2021) reported that supplementation of Se yeast enhanced insulin sensitivity in transition dairy cows, compared with an unsupplemented control. Parental supplementation of folic acid and vitamin B 12 , a vitamin that requires Co for endogenous synthesis, also resulted in greater insulin sensitivity in transition dairy cows (Girard et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of replacing inorganic salts of trace minerals with organic trace minerals in pre- and postpartum diets on feeding behavior, rumen fermentation, and performance of dairy cows

Mion

Winters

King

et al. 2022

Journal of Dairy Science

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Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of complete replacement of supplementary inorganic salts of trace minerals (STM) by organic trace minerals (OTM) in both pre-and postpartum diets on feeding behavior, ruminal fermentation, rumination activity, energy metabolism, and lactation performance in dairy cows. Pregnant cows and heifers (n = 273) were blocked by parity and body condition score and randomly assigned to either STM or OTM diets at 45 ± 3 d before their expected calving date. Both groups received the same diet, except for the source of trace minerals (TM). The STM group was supplemented with Co, Cu, Mn, and Zn sulfates and Na selenite, whereas the OTM group was supplemented with Co, Cu, Mn, and Zn proteinates and selenized yeast. Treatments continued until 156 days in milk and pre-and postpartum diets were formulated to meet 100% of recommended levels of each TM in both treatments, taking into consideration both basal and supplemental levels. Automatic feed bins were used to assign treatments to individual cows and to measure feed intake and feeding behavior. Rumination activity was monitored by sensors attached to a collar from wk −3 to 3 relative to calving. Blood metabolites were evaluated on d −21, −10, −3, 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 23, and 65 relative to calving. Ruminal fluid samples were collected using an ororuminal sampling device on d −21, 23, and 65 relative to calving, for measurement of ruminal pH and concentration of volatile fatty acids. Cows were milked twice a day and milk components were measured monthly. Cows supplemented with OTM tended to have longer daily feeding time (188 vs. 197 min/d), and greater dry matter intake (DMI; 12.9 vs. 13.3 kg), and had a more positive energy balance (3.6 vs. 4.2 Mcal/d) and shorter rumination time per kg of dry matter (DM; 40.1 vs. 37.5 min/kg of DM) than cows supplemented with STM during the prepartum period. In the postpartum period, OTM increased DMI in multiparous cows (24.1 vs. 24.7 kg/d) but not in primiparous cows (19.1 vs. 18.7 kg/d). The difference in DMI of multiparous cows was more evident in the first 5 wk of lactation, when it averaged 1 kg/d. Milk yield was not affected by treatment in multiparous cows (44.1 vs. 44.2 kg/d); however, primiparous cows supplemented with OTM had lesser yields than primiparous cows supplemented with STM (31.9 vs. 29.8 kg/d). Cows supplemented with OTM had a greater percentage of protein in milk (3.11 vs. 3.17%), reduced concentration of nonesterified fatty acids in serum (0.45 vs. 0.40 mmol/L), and rumination activity (30.1 vs. 27.8 min/kg of DM) than cows supplemented with STM. At the end of the transition period, cows supplemented with OTM had reduced molar proportion of acetate, reduced pH, and tended to have a greater concentration of total volatile fatty acids in ruminal fluid. In conclusion, complete replacement of STM by OTM caused modest changes in rumen fermentation, feeding behavior, energy metabolism, and performance of dairy cows, improving postpartum DMI in multiparous cows and reducing circulating l...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of replacing inorganic salts of trace minerals with organic trace minerals in pre- and postpartum diets on feeding behavior, rumen fermentation, and performance of dairy cows

Mion

Winters

King

et al. 2022

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Moreover, the heightened metabolic demands and lipid oxidation in dairy cows lead to an elevated generation of ROS, which are the by-products of cellular metabolism [ 47 ]. This rise temporarily depletes the body’s antioxidant mechanisms, rendering it susceptible to oxidative stress, ultimately resulting in heightened metabolic inflammation [ 47 , 60 , 61 ]. Elevated levels of NEFAs in bovine hepatocytes lead to increased ROS generation, activating the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, which in turn, triggers the activation of p53 transcription and the suppression of Nrf2 transcription, ultimately depleting the mitochondrial membrane potential [ 62 ].…”

Section: Regulation Of Metabolic Function During the Peripartum Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complex Interplay of Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Inflammation in Transition Dairy Cows

Qiao,

Jiang,

Contreras

et al. 2024

Animals

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During the transition period, dairy cows exhibit heightened energy requirements to sustain fetal growth and lactogenesis. The mammary gland and the growing fetus increase their demand for glucose, leading to the mobilization of lipids to support the function of tissues that can use fatty acids as energy substrates. These physiological adaptations lead to negative energy balance, metabolic inflammation, and transient insulin resistance (IR), processes that are part of the normal homeorhetic adaptations related to parturition and subsequent lactation. Insulin resistance is characterized by a reduced biological response of insulin-sensitive tissues to normal physiological concentrations of insulin. Metabolic inflammation is characterized by a chronic, low-level inflammatory state that is strongly associated with metabolic disorders. The relationship between IR and metabolic inflammation in transitioning cows is intricate and mutually influential. On one hand, IR may play a role in the initiation of metabolic inflammation by promoting lipolysis in adipose tissue and increasing the release of free fatty acids. Metabolic inflammation, conversely, triggers inflammatory signaling pathways by pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby leading to impaired insulin signaling. The interaction of these factors results in a harmful cycle in which IR and metabolic inflammation mutually reinforce each other. This article offers a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the research on IR, metabolic inflammation, and their intricate interrelationship. The text delves into multiple facets of physiological regulation, pathogenesis, and their consequent impacts.

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Do Intravenous Butaphosphan and Cyanocobalamin Combination Affect Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Profile of Dairy Goats During Their Transition Period?

Zare,

Chalmeh,

Pourjafar

et al. 2024

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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BackgroundInsulin resistance during early lactation in goats has been a topic of interest for researchers, as addressing this issue can significantly improve their metabolic health.ObjectivesTo investigate the potential of butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin in controlling insulin resistance, we conducted a study with the hypothesis that this combination may mitigate insulin resistance in dairy goats.MethodsTen adult goats were divided equally into two groups: Ctrl and B+C. The Ctrl group received 6 mL of normal saline, while the second group was administered 6 mL of 10% butaphosphan and 0.005% cyanocobalamin on days 21, 20, 19, and 12, 11, 10, and 3, 2, 1 before parturition. On the 10th and 20th days after parturition, blood samples were gathered to analyze the levels of different metabolites and evaluate insulin resistance/sensitivity through an intravenous glucose tolerance test and surrogate indices. Body condition scores, milk production, and weight gain of the kids were also recorded during the study.ResultsAlthough the B+C group showed slightly higher insulin responsiveness than the Ctrl group in the intravenous glucose tolerance test, but the difference was insignificant. Comparably, no significant differences were noticed in the remaining metabolic indicators amidst the Ctrl and B+C groups.ConclusionsThe lack of substantial differences can be attributed to the limited sample size and the prescribed drug dosage. Further investigations with higher doses exceeding 6 mL are warranted to explore potential effects. Additionally, species‐specific differences in ruminants might exist, and caprine metabolism of the compound might differ from that of bovine and ovine. Consequently, we recommend conducting more studies in this field.

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Effects of dietary antioxidants on glucose and insulin responses to glucose tolerance test in transition dairy cows

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of replacing inorganic salts of trace minerals with organic trace minerals in pre- and postpartum diets on feeding behavior, rumen fermentation, and performance of dairy cows

Effects of replacing inorganic salts of trace minerals with organic trace minerals in pre- and postpartum diets on feeding behavior, rumen fermentation, and performance of dairy cows

The Complex Interplay of Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Inflammation in Transition Dairy Cows

Do Intravenous Butaphosphan and Cyanocobalamin Combination Affect Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Profile of Dairy Goats During Their Transition Period?

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