Effects of dietary black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens Linnaeus) on the disease resistance of juvenile grouper (Epinephelus coioides)

Jiang, Biao; Sun, Yanxin; Li, Wei; Liu, Chun; Wen, Caiyi; Li, An‐Xing; Huang, Yanhua; Su, Youlu

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.046

“…Both IFN-γ and IL-1β are key proinflammatory cytokines and play an important role in the host immune response against pathogen infection (Wu et al 2022 ). Similarly, we also observed a significant upregulation of IFN-γ and IL-1β expression in the rCiSA32.6t-immunized L. crocea , which was in accordance with the reported increase in IFN-γ and IL-1β expression in E. coioids upon immunization with black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens Linnaeus ) (Jiang et al 2022b ). The expressions of IgMH , IgT , IFN-γ , and IL-1β in the head kidney, spleen, skin, and gill tissues of L. crocea were upregulated in varying degrees after injection of recombinant protein rCiSA32.6t, indicating that rCiSA32.6t could be used to induce a significant immunity response in L. crocea .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Immune response of large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea towards a recombinant vaccine candidate targeting the parasitic ciliate Cryptocaryon irritans

Jiang

¹

,

Huang

²

,

T

³

et al. 2023

Aquacult Int

1

0

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Cryptocaryon irritans , a parasitic ciliate, pose a major threat to marine teleost fish aquaculture. So far, no effective and safe control method is available. In this study, the protective efficacy of a recombinant truncated surface antigen of C. irritans (rCiSA32.6t) for large yellow croaker ( Larimichthys crocea ) against the parasite challenge with a sub-lethal dose of the infective theronts was evaluated by comparing the relative percent survivals (RPS), the specific antibody titers in sera, and the expression levels of the immune-related genes among the negative or adjuvant control fish, fish intraperitoneally immunized with rCiSA32.6t. The results showed that a RPS of 50.1% in rCiSA32.6t-immunized fish was achieved in comparison to negative control fish against C. irritans . A significant increase was noted in the antigen-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin T (IgT) antibody levels in the sera of the rCiSA32.6t-vaccinated fish. Compared to the negative control fish, quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that the interleukin-1beta, IgT, and IgM heavy chain mRNA level in the fish head kidney, spleen, gill, and skin tissue were upregulated post-rCiSA32.6t immunization. This study indicates that the rCiSA32.6t can provide a high level of immune protection against C. irritans infection in grouper and is therefore pursued as a candidate C. irritans vaccine.

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“…This leads to unsustainable use of natural resources, including for the ornamental fish industry, especially tropical species like Siamese fighting fish, which may not require high-quality fatty acids and amino acids from the fish meal. In recent years, the use of BSFL meal in aquafeed has been extensively studied in many farmed fish such as salmon [33], rainbow trout [34], grouper [35], tilapia [36], mirror carp [37], and African catfish [38]. A similar trend was observed in ornamental fishes, including lemon fin barb [39], goldfish [40], zebrafish [41,42], and discus fish [43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Effect of Fish Meal Substitution with Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) on Growth Performance, Feed Stability, Blood Biochemistry, and Liver and Gut Morphology of Siamese Fighting Fish (Betta splendens)

Kari

¹

,

Téllez–Isaías

²

,

Hamid

³

et al. 2023

Aquaculture Nutrition

13

0

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Insects such as black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are gaining interest among researchers and the aquafeed industry due to the fluctuating price and supply of fish meal (FM). This study evaluated the growth performance, feed stability, blood biochemistry, and liver and gut morphology of Betta splendens using BSFL as an alternative to FM. Five formulated diets were prepared: 0% BSFL, 6.5% BSFL, 13% BSFL, 19.5% BSFL, and 24.5% BSFL. The expansion rate, pellet durability index, floatability, bulk density, and water stability of the prepared feed have been assessed. Except for the diameter of the feed, all the parameters studied differed significantly ( p < 0.05 ) across the experimental diets. After 60 days, the fish fed with 13% BSFL had the highest final length, final weight, net weight gain, specific growth rate, weight gain, and gastrointestinal weight, with mean and standard deviation values of 3.97 ± 0.43 cm, 3.95 ± 0.1 g, 2.78 ± 0.1 g, 4.63 ± 0.17 , 4.65 ± 0.13 , 237.26 ± 7.9 % , and 0.04 ± 0.01 mg, respectively. Similar blood haematology and biochemical properties, including corpuscular volume, lymphocytes, white blood cells, red blood cells, haematocrit, albumin, and alkaline phosphatase, were the highest ( p < 0.05 ) in the 13% BSFL diet group compared to the other treatment groups. In addition, BSFL had a significant impact ( p < 0.05 ) on villus length, width, and crypt depth for the anterior and posterior guts of B. splendens. The 13% BSFL diet group had an intact epithelial barrier in the goblet cell arrangement and a well-organized villus structure and tunica muscularis, compared to the other treatment groups. Furthermore, the liver cell was altered with different BSFL inclusions; the 13% FM group demonstrated better nuclei and cytoplasm structure than the other treatment groups. In conclusion, replacing 13% FM with BSFL could improve the growth performance, blood parameters, and liver and intestine morphology of B. splendens, thus providing a promising alternative diet for ornamental freshwater fish.

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“…52,53 Recently, Mo et al 54 induced anti-C. irritans protection in E. coioides by immunization with T. thermophila (subcutaneous injection), which was similar to that of fish against I. multifiliis infection. 52,55 In addition, immunization with bovine lactoferrin 56 or black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens Linnaeus) 57 did provide the immunoprotection against C. irritans infection in red seabream (Pagrus major). Complement activity inhibition assays suggested that alternative complement pathways (AP) might play a role in immobilization and lysis of C. irritans theronts.…”

Section: Non-specific Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host responses against the fish parasitizing ciliateCryptocaryon irritans

Jiang

¹

,

Huang

²

2023

Parasite Immunology

2

0

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The parasitic ciliate Cryptocaryon irritans, which infects almost all marine fish species occurring in both tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. The disease, cryptocaryonosis, accounts for significant economic losses to the aquaculture industry. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of the biology of the parasite, host–parasite interactions and both specific and non‐specific host defense mechanisms are responsible for the protection of fish against challenge infections with this ciliate. Also, this article reflects the current interest in this subject area and the quest to develop an available vaccine against the disease. Due to the high frequency of clinical fish cryptocaryonosis, the study of fish immune responses to C. irritans provides an optimal experimental model for understanding immunity against extracellular protozoa.

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Effects of dietary black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens Linnaeus) on the disease resistance of juvenile grouper (Epinephelus coioides)

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Immune response of large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea towards a recombinant vaccine candidate targeting the parasitic ciliate Cryptocaryon irritans

Immune response of large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea towards a recombinant vaccine candidate targeting the parasitic ciliate Cryptocaryon irritans

Effect of Fish Meal Substitution with Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) on Growth Performance, Feed Stability, Blood Biochemistry, and Liver and Gut Morphology of Siamese Fighting Fish (Betta splendens)

Host responses against the fish parasitizing ciliateCryptocaryon irritans

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