Effects of dietary clays on performance and intestinal mucus barrier of broiler chicks challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and on goblet cell function in vitro

Abstract

In vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to test for beneficial effects of dietary clays on broiler chicks challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and to explore potential mechanisms. First, two hundred forty 1-d-old male broilers (initial BW: 41.6 ± 0.4 g) were allotted in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design. There were 2 infection treatments (with or without Salmonella) and 4 diets: basal (BAS), 0.3% smectite A (SMA), 0.3% smectite B, and 0.3% zeolite. The Salmonella reduced (P < 0.05) the growth rate of chicks fed the BAS, and feeding clay largely restored it (challenge × diet interaction, P < 0.05). Goblet cell number and size were increased (P < 0.05) by Salmonella in chicks fed the BAS and were reduced (P < 0.05) in Salmonella-challenged chicks by feeding SMA. Villus height was reduced by the Salmonella challenge in the chicks fed dietary clays (P < 0.01) but not in chicks fed the BAS (interaction P < 0.05). A human adenocarcinoma cell line (LS174T) was cultured in vitro in 3 separate experiments in the absence or presence of 3 concentrations (0.05, 0.10, and 0.50%) of SMA. Expression of mucin 2 (MUC2), resistin-like molecule β (RELMß), and trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) were determined by real-time reverse-transcription PCR. The expression of RELMβ was increased and expression of MUC2 was reduced (P < 0.05) by 0.10% SMA. Also, LS174T cells were cultured without or with SMA (0.05 and 0.10%) and the medium and cell lysate were analyzed for RELMβ using an immunoblot assay. Protein expression of RELMß in the cell lysate was reduced (P < 0.05) by SMA addition but increased in the medium, indicating that SMA increased secretion of RELMß, thus depleting the cell and concentrating this protein in the medium. In conclusion, the dietary clays restored the growth depression caused by Salmonella, and changes in goblet cell function may contribute to the benefits of one of the clays, specifically SMA.

Lactobacillus Protects Against S. Typhimurium–Induced Intestinal Inflammation by Determining the Fate of Epithelial Proliferation and Differentiation

“…Intestinal goblet cells in the intestinal tract secrete mucus and trefoil factor (TFF) 3 to form the first line of defense in the mucosa; Paneth cells are an important source of antimicrobial peptides in the intestine; and tuft cells regulate type 2 immune responses through the secretion of IL‐25 to protect the mucosa against helminth infection . S. typhimurium infection stimulates the hyperplasia of goblet, Paneth, and tuft cells, which is the normal host protective mechanism against epithelial damage caused by pathogen invasions . To simultaneously avoid over‐exhaustion and exert anti‐inflammatory functions, Lactobacillus modulated the expression of AMP (defa1, reg3g, muc2) and the number of AMP‐secreting cells to a more reasonable level, and this finding was confirmed by a normal intestinal structure and a typical organoid morphology.…”

Early diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis by plasma RELMβ and thrombocytopenia in preterm infants: A pilot study

“…24 In vitro, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could induce the increase of RELM b mRNA expression in LS174T cells similar to Goblet cells. 25 It is suggested that RELMb can be a good marker for early diagnosis of NEC.…”

Galacto-oligosaccharides may directly enhance intestinal barrier function through the modulation of goblet cells

“…Cells were then treated with GOS for 96 h. At the end of incubation, cells were scraped from culture plates and lysed with 400 μL of 1× Cell Lysis Buffer (Cell Signaling Technology Inc., Danvers, MA) with protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO). Immunoblotting was performed as described earlier . The bound proteins were probed with the following primary antibodies: RELMB (rabbit anti‐human at a dilution 0.2 μg/mL; Peprotech, Rocky Hill, NJ), CHST5 (mouse monoclonal antibody at a dilution of 3μg/mL; Abnova, Taipei, Taiwan), TFF3 (mouse monoclonal antibody at a dilution of 2 μg/mL; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN), β‐actin (mouse monoclonal antibody at a dilution of 1:2000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) overnight at 4°C.…”