Effects of Dietary Garlic Powder on Growth, Feed Utilization and Whole Body Composition Changes in Fingerling Sterlet Sturgeon, Acipenser ruthenus

Abstract

A 12 week growth study was carried out to investigate the supplemental effects of dietary garlic powder (GP) on growth, feed utilization and whole body composition changes of fingerling sterlet sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus (averaging weight, 5.5 g). Following a 24-h fasting, 540 fish were randomly distributed to each of 18 tanks (30 fish/tank) under a semi-recirculation freshwater system. The GP of 0.5% (GP0.5), 1% (GP1), 1.5% (GP1.5), 2% (GP2) and 3% (GP3) was added to the control diet (GP0) containing 43% protein and 16% lipid. After the feeding trial, weight gain (WG) of fish fed GP1.5, GP2 and GP3 were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of fish fed GP0, GP0.5 and GP1. Feed efficiency and specific growth rate (SGR) showed a similar trend to WG. Protein efficiency ratio of fish fed GP1.5, GP2, and GP3 were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of fish groups fed the other diets. A significant difference (p<0.05) was found in whole body composition (moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, ash, and fiber) of fish at the end of the experiment. Significantly higher (p<0.05) protein and lipid retention efficiencies (PRE and LRE) were also found in GP1.5, GP2, and GP3 groups. Broken-line regression model analysis and second order polynomial regression model analysis relation on the basis of SGR and WG indicated that the dietary optimal GP level could be greater than 1.77% and 1.79%, but less than 2.95% and 3.18% in fingerling sterlet sturgeon. The present study suggested that dietary GP for fingerling sterlet sturgeon could positively affect growth performance and protein retention.

THE USE OF GARLIC (Allium sativum) MEAL AS A NATURAL FEED SUPPLEMENT IN DIETS FOR EUROPEAN SEABASS (Dicentrarchus labrax) JUVENILES

“…The highest SGR was recored in the GM4 group with 4% garlic meal inclusion (1.43 ± 0.03, %/day), followed by the control group (1.38 ± 0.07, %/day), GM2 (1.27 ± 0.08, %/day) and the GM6 (1.19 ± 0.03, %/day) groups, respectively (Table 3). This growth promotion effect of diets supplemented with garlic meal can be attributed to the improved feed efficiency, which is in agreement with the results in Nile tilapia (Diab et al, 2002;Shalaby et al, 2006;Mesalhy et al, 2008;Soltan and El-Laithy, 2008;Metwally, 2009;Abdel-Hakim et al, 2010), in Asian seabass (Talpur and Ikhwanuddin, 2012), in sterlet sturgeon (Lee et al, 2014), and in Seabass fry (Saleh et al, 2015), where the incorporation of different levels of garlic increased final weights and specific growth rates of fish. Soltan and El-Laithy (2008) reported that the incorporation of 1% garlic into diets improved survival rate of Nile tilapia.…”

“…In contrast, Metwally (2009) who used different forms of garlic in diets for Nile tilapia fingerlings (natural garlic 40 g/kg diet, garlic oil capsules 250 mg/kg diet, and garlic powder 32g/kg diet), reported that HSI in all experimental diets with different forms of garlic decreased significantly. Similarly, Lee et al (2014) also presented significantly lower HSI in sturgeon fed diets containing garlic powder than that of fish group fed diets without garlic inclusion. …”

“…Better growth effects were found with higher incorporation levels of garlic meal in diets for Nile tilapia by Shalaby et al (2006), who tested garlic incorporation levels from 10 g/kg to 40 g/kg diet, and recommended the incorporation of 3% dietary garlic for an increased growth, reduction of total bacteria, and improvement of fish health and welfare. Similarly, Lee et al (2014) suggested that dietary garlic powder incorporation of about 3% could positively affect growth performance and protein retention in fingerling sterlet sturgeon. Farahi et al (2010) used different levels (1%, 2% and 3%) of galic meal in rainbow trout diets and reported that the body protein was higher in the 3% galic group compared to the other experimental groups and that growth performance and fish health improved with the addition of galic meal in trout diets.…”

“…Probably known as one of the earliest medicinal plants (Farahi et al, 2010), the use of garlic in aquaculture became popular for providing protection against diseases or inducing fish feeds as a growth promoter. Garlic was used as a growth promoter in tilapia (Diab et al, 2002;Shalaby et al, 2006;Mesalhy et al, 2008;Soltan and El-Laithy, 2008;Metwally, 2009;AbdelHakim et al, 2010), in Asian seabass (Talpur and Ikhwanuddin, 2012), in sterlet sturgeon (Lee et al, 2014), and in Seabass fry (Saleh et al, 2015). To our knowledge, so far, no information is available on the effects of dietary garlic on growth performance, feed utilization and body chemical composition in juvenile European seabass, which is one of the main aquaculture species in the Mediterranean, where the Turkish and Greek aquaculture industries share a total production of 211.055 tons with a grand value of 1.293.082 USD for seabass together with seabream (FAO, 2012).…”

Effect of Dietary Addition of Green Tea Camellia sinensis, on Growth, Body Composition and Hematic Biochemistry of the Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer Fingerlings

“…Recently there has been an increased interest for the application of immune stimulating function of medicinal herbs in aquaculture [6]. Various attempts has proven the positive effects of dietary medicinal plants/herbs as feed additives on growth and feed utilization in the aquaculture production of fishes and crustaceans [7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”