Effects of dietary inclusion of fermented cottonseed meal on growth, cecal microbial population, small intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activity of broilers

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to test the feeding value of fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM) in broilers. In experiment 1, 480 1-day-old male yellow-feathered broilers were allocated into 4 dietary treatments with 6 replicates (20 birds per replicate) to examine the effects of FCSM on the growth response of chickens. Experimental feeding was performed for 6 weeks in two phases (starter, days 0 to 21; finisher, days 22 to 42). FCSM was used at 0, 40, 80, and 120 g/kg levels to replace soybean meal in the basal diet. The dietary inclusion of 40 and 80 g/kg FCSM increased (quadratic (Q): p<0.01) the body weight gain of broilers in the starter and in the overall feeding periods. Experiment 2 determined the effect of FCSM on the cecal microbial populations, intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activity of broilers. The number of lactobacilli in the cecal digesta increased at day 21 (p<0.01) and day 42 (linear (L): p=0.01). Coliform bacteria counts decreased (L: p<0.05) with the increasing inclusion of FCSM at day 21. The inclusion of FCSM increased (L-Q: p<0.05) villus height in the duodenum and linearly elevated (p<0.05) villus height and the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum at day 21. Similar improvement (L: p<0.05) was noted in jejunal villus height at day 42. The inclusion of FCSM improved (p<0.05) the activities of amylase and protease at day 21, as well as protease at day 42. In conclusion, the appropriate inclusion of FCSM improves growth, cecal microflora, intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activity in yellow-feathered broilers.

Effects of fermented cottonseed meal on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, immune functions, antioxidative abilities, and cecal microflora in broilers

“…Chiang et al (2010) demonstrated that broilers fed fermented rapeseed meal had greater Lactobacilli counts in ceca digesta. In the present study, the broilers fed FCSM-1 diets significantly increased the number of total anaerobic bacteria in ceca digesta compared with CSM diet on day 42, which is consistent with the result of Sun et al (2013b).…”

Intestinal microbiome of poultry and its interaction with host and diet

“…38 Similarly, it has been reported that dietary inclusion of prebiotics (e.g., fructooligosaccharide and mannanoligosaccharide) or fermented feed (e.g., fermented cottonseed, soybean, and rapeseed meal) also result in increased villus height and villus height:crypt depth ratio in the small intestine of chicken. [39][40][41][42][43] Such morphology alterations are not likely a direct effect of these dietary supplements, but an indirect effect through the manipulation of gut microbiome structure. 40 Intestinal morphology change can also be an outcome of infections caused by enteric pathogens.…”

“…For instance, the activities of amylase and protease are elevated in broilers fed diets containing fermented cottonseed meal or fructooligosaccharides. 40,43 Feeding broilers with fermented soybean meal instead of unfermented soybean meal increased the activities of protease, trypsin and lipase. 41 It was concluded that these diets stimulate certain bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) that can increase digestive enzyme activity, while suppressing some bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli) that can either impair digestive enzyme secretion by damaging the villus and microvillus of mucosa or secrete proteolytic enzyme to degrade digestive enzymes.…”

“…It has been demonstrated that unlike soybean meal, which is widely used as a source of protein in poultry industry, fermented cottonseed meal as a protein source increases the population of lactobacilli and decreases the number of coliforms in cecum of broiler chickens. 43 Diets with high percentages of animal protein (e.g., fishmeal) favors the growth of C. perfringens in the hind-gut of chicken and is considered as one of the predisposing factors of necrotic enteritis. 78 In addition, it has been reported that C. perfringens was more abundant in the ileum of broiler chickens fed diet with animal fat (a mixture of lard and tallow) than chickens fed diet with soy oil, indicating that gut microbiome can also be influenced by dietary fat source.…”

Effects of Ultrafine Grinding and Pulsed Magnetic Field Treatment on Removal of Free Gossypol from Cottonseed Meal

“…The disadvantages are that ferrous sulfate can cause feed turning black, whereas NaOH often destroys the taste of CSM. Biodetoxification techniques usually utilize some fungus such as Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, Candida tropicalis, and so on to degrade FG by fermentation of CSM (Sun et al 2013;Yang et al 2012;Zhang et al 2007). Zhang et al (2007) reported that microbial fermentation could greatly decrease FG levels in CSM, but detoxification effects differed among species of microorganisms.…”