Effects of dietary inclusion of pea and faba bean as a replacement for soybean meal on grower and finisher pig performance and carcass quality1

Abstract

To reduce reliance on imported soybean meal (SBM) in temperate environments, pea and faba bean may be alternative protein sources for pig diets. We assessed the effects of dietary pea and faba bean inclusion on grower and finisher pig performance and carcass quality. There were 9 dietary treatments tested on both grower (30 to 60 kg) and finisher (60 to 100 kg) pigs in a dose response feeding trial. The control diet included SBM at 14 and 12% for grower and finisher pigs, respectively, whereas in the test diets, pea or faba bean were included at 7.5, 15, 22.5, and 30%, gradually and completely replacing SBM. Diets were formulated to be isoenergetic for NE and with the same standard ileal digestible Lys content. After a 1-wk adaptation period, each diet was available on an ad libitum basis to 4 pens of pigs with 4 pigs per pen (2 entire males and 2 females) for 4 wk. Weekly BW for individual pigs, and pen intakes were recorded to assess ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Finisher pigs were then slaughtered at a commercial slaughter house to record carcass quality and assess skatole and indole concentration in the backfat. There were no effects (P > 0.10) on grower ADG, ADFI, and G:F, but pulse inclusion reduced finisher ADG (P = 0.04), with a quadratic effect of pulse inclusion (P = 0.03), as ADG tended to be reduced over initial inclusion levels only. There were no associated effects (P > 0.10) on ADFI or G:F, and pea and faba bean diets resulted in similar finisher performance. Increasing pulse inclusion linearly increased fecal DM content both in grower pigs (P = 0.02) and finisher pigs (P < 0.01). There were no effects on carcass quality or backfat skatole concentrations, but indole concentration was linearly reduced with increasing pulse inclusion (P = 0.05). It is concluded that pea and faba bean may be a viable alternative to SBM in grower and finisher pig diets.

Effect of Replacing a Soy Diet withVicia FabaandPisum Sativumon Performance, Meat and Fat Traits ofCinta SenesePigs

“…No significant differences were found for average daily gain (ADG) (Table 2), which was similar for all dietary groups, as confirmed by the achievement of the same slaughter weight of pigs. This result is consistent with other findings, which showed the lack of differences in growth performance of pig fed with diets containing Pisum sativum or Faba bean vs soybean meal, both with a low (Mordenti et al, 2012) or high inclusion rate (Stein et al, 2006;Chrenková et al, 2011;Prandini et al, 2011;Smith et al, 2013) always balanced for essential AA. In contrast, Partenen et al (2003) proposed a limit of 20% of faba bean inclusion in the diet because a higher concentration resulted in a decrease in ADG in the growing period.…”

“…In recent years, this problem has been partially overcome by using resources with a low content of tannins (Acciaioli et al, 2003;Crepon et al, 2010;Smith et al, 2013). Moreover, it is known that the use of Pisum sativum and Vicia faba bean in pigs is limited due to their partial deficiency in indispensable AA, such as methionine (Met) and tryptophan (Try) (Smith et al, 2013).…”

“…In recent years, this problem has been partially overcome by using resources with a low content of tannins (Acciaioli et al, 2003;Crepon et al, 2010;Smith et al, 2013). Moreover, it is known that the use of Pisum sativum and Vicia faba bean in pigs is limited due to their partial deficiency in indispensable AA, such as methionine (Met) and tryptophan (Try) (Smith et al, 2013). Many studies have been performed on the replacement of soybeans with other protein sources in various animal species (Barros et al, 2002;Soren and Sastry, 2009;Chikagwa-Malunga et al, 2009;Mordenti et al, 2012;Calabrò et al, 2014).…”

“…Many studies have been performed on the replacement of soybeans with other protein sources in various animal species (Barros et al, 2002;Soren and Sastry, 2009;Chikagwa-Malunga et al, 2009;Mordenti et al, 2012;Calabrò et al, 2014). With regard to swine, previous studies (Prandini et al, 2011;Smith et al, 2013) have demonstrated that specific percentages of Pisum sativum or Vicia faba may be included in diets without negative effects on pig performance, carcass composition and meat quality. However, these studies were performed mainly on improved pigs with the addition of synthetic AA to balance the AA profile of the diet.…”

Effect of Selenium on Growth, Physiological Aspects and Productivity of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)

“…When faba beans are prepared for cattle feeding, small-seed varieties with low-tannin, low vicineconvicine and low-trypsin restraint contents are preferred (McVicar et al, 2013). Faba bean is an alternative to soybeans as a source of protein in cattle feed in Europe (Blair, 2007;Jezierny et al, 2010 andSmith et al, 2013). We can used Faba bean plants to make delicious silage (McVicar et al, 2013).…”