Effects of dietary methionine on growth performance, muscle nutritive deposition, muscle fibre growth and type I collagen synthesis of on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Abstract

In the current research, a 60-day experiment was conducted with the purpose of exploring the impacts of methionine on growth performance, muscle nutritive deposition, muscle fibre growth and type I collagen synthesis as well as related signaling pathway. Six diets (iso-nitrogenous) differing in methionine concentrations (2.54, 4.85, 7.43, 10.12, 12.40 and 15.11 g kg-1 diets) were fed to 540 grass carp (178.47 ± 0.36 g). Results showed (P < 0.05) that, compared with methionine deficiency, optimal level of dietary methionine (1) increased feed intake (FI), feed efficiency (FE), specific growth rate (SGR) and percentage weight gain (PWG); (2) increased fish muscle protein, lipid and free amino acid contents, and improved fish muscle fatty acid profile as well as increased protein content in part associated with TORC1/S6K1 signaling pathway; (3) increased the frequency distribution of muscle fibre with >50 µm of diameter; (4) increased type I collagen synthesis partly related to TGF-β1/Smads and CK2/TORC1 signaling pathways. In conclusion, dietary methionine improved muscle growth, which might be due to the regulation of muscle nutritive deposition, and muscle fibre growth and type I collagen synthesis related signal molecules. Finally, according to PWG and muscle collagen content, the methionine requirements for on-growing grass carp (178-626 g) were estimated to be 9.56 g kg-1 diet (33.26 g kg-1 protein of diet) and 9.28 g kg-1 diet (32.29 g kg-1 of dietary protein), respectively.

Dietary protein levels changed the hardness of muscle by acting on muscle fiber growth and the metabolism of collagen in sub-adult grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

“…The dietary protein regulation of TGF-β1 might be related to methionine. Experiments on grass carp have shown that methionine increased the expression of the TGF-β1 gene in muscle [24]. In our experiment, the muscle methionine content was increased at a proper dietary protein level.…”

“…Healthy sub-adult grass carps (second-year fish [23]) were obtained from a local fishery (Mianyang, Sichuan, China), and no diseases or parasites were observed in the gills, liver or intestines under the microscope according to Fang et al [24]. After 2 weeks of adaptation, 450 fish were selected (721.16 ± 1.98 g, mean ± SD) and assigned randomly to 18 experimental floating net cages (6 treatments), resulting in 3 cages per treatment and 25 fish per cage (140 cm × 140 cm × 140 cm).…”

Physicochemical property optimization and nutrient redistribution in the muscle of sub-adult grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) by conjugated linoleic acid

“…Muscle moisture, crude protein, and lipid contents were determined according to the method of AOAC (2000) ( Cunniff, Horwitz, & Latimer, 2000 ). The muscle collagen content was determined using the method described by Fang et al (2021) . Cathepsin B/L content was determined using an appropriate kit (Qisong Bioengineering Institute, Beijing, China).…”

“…Flesh quality includes nutrition, flavour, and health quality ( Yang et al, 2019 ). Amino acids such as aspartic acid (Asp), glycine (Gly), glutamate (Glu), and inosine monophosphate (IMP) contribute to the flavour of meat ( Fang et al, 2021 ). Some polyunsaturated fatty acids (such as CLA, EPA, and DHA) have health benefits such as anti-cancer and immune enhancement in humans ( Koba and Yanagita, 2014 , Liu and Ma, 2014 ).…”

An emerging role of vitamin D3 in amino acid absorption in different intestinal segments of on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

“…Currently, no research has focused on the VD 3 requirements of grass carp. Furthermore, the reported nutritional requirements of fish are based on different indicators ( Fang et al., 2020 ). Hence, it is of worthiness to estimate the VD 3 requirements of on-growing grass carp based on the various indicators.…”