Effects of dietary nucleotides supplementation on growth, total haemocyte count, lysozyme activity and survival upon challenge with Vibrio harveyi in pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

Effects of Dietary Nucleotide Supplementation on Performance, Profitability, and Disease Resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei Cultured in Indonesia under Intensive Outdoor Pond Conditions

“…Nucleotides are low-molecular-weight intracellular compounds which, besides being the building blocks of DNA and RNA, play important roles in physiological and biochemical processes [ 20 , 34 , 35 ]. They have also been reported to improve shrimp health by modulating their immune response [ 21 , 36 , 37 ]. The results from this study indicate that the use of nucleotides (Nucleoforce ® ) improves growth performance and profitability in PWS and, especially, allows greater disease resistance.…”

“…Shrimp (1.06 ± 0.01 g initial mean weight) were then randomly distributed into 50 nets (450 shrimp per net) with a size of 2 × 2 × 1 m. Ten replicate groups of shrimp were administered different types of experimental diets (4500 shrimp per study group) using a nutrition research standard protocol for 110 days and fed by hand four times daily, at 07:00, 11:00, 15:00 and 20:00 h. Based on our historic results, feed inputs were pre-programmed assuming the normal growth of shrimp and feed conversion ratio of 1.5. Daily allowances of feed were adjusted based on the observed feed consumption, weekly shrimp counts, and mortality [ 21 ]. Uneaten feed, feces, and molts were removed by siphoning the aquaria prior to the first feeding.…”

“…FBW (final body weight), IBW (initial body weight), T (water temperature in °C), and D (number of trial days) [ 21 ].…”

“…In a recent study with this nucleotide extract in PWS, our research group demonstrated a positive effect in PWS receiving diets in which fish meal (FM) had been partially replaced with soybean meal (SBM). In that study, although an improvement in performance parameters was observed, this effect did not reach the level of statistical significance [ 21 ]. One of the limitations of the study was that the effects of nucleotides were not evaluated up until the shrimp had reached their commercial consumption size.…”

Nutritional Modulation of the Immune Response Mediated by Nucleotides in Canine Leishmaniosis

“…This nucleotide extract is a highly sustainable product as it can be obtained through a fermentation process following a circular bioeconomy approach. To date, there is limited scientific evidence reporting its effects in companion animals [143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150], but prior publications support its use in humans [151,152], aquatic species [153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163], and in livestock species [164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178] (Table 1). These studies show a beneficial impact on the immune system and disease resistance, among other beneficial effects, which could serve as background for further studying the usefulness of this product as a tool for modulating the immune response in dogs suffering from diseases such as leishmaniosis, especially given the key role of the immune response in CanL.…”