Effects of dietary pH and acid source on growth and feed efficiency of the Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fry

Abstract

Two feeding trials were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary pH (pH 2.5, 3.7, 4.6, 5.7-control, pH 7.0, and pH 8.0) and dietary acid source (acetic acid, citric acid, hydrochloric acid and control-no acid) on growth rate and feed utilization efficiency of the Nile tilapia fry. In addition, attractability of the diets at different pH and dietary acid sources were determined. Results of the first feeding trial showed that the feed with pH adjusted to 4.6 resulted in significantly highest final average body weight (FABW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and most efficient food conversion ratio (FCR) in the Nile tilapia fry. Survival was 100% in diets with pH 3.7 up to 7.0; the diet with pH 2.5 exhibited significantly lowest survival followed by the pH 8.0 diet. In the second feeding trial, diets that contained hydrochloric, citric or acetic acids that were used to adjust the pH to the optimal 4.6 resulted in higher FABW, WG, SGR, and PER values but lower FCR values than did the control diet; these parameters were not significantly different among the dietary groups. This study demonstrated that the dietary pH promoted growth and efficiency in the Nile tilapia fry and that the three acids that were used were similar in their effects on growth and efficiency. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that either acidifying the diet to pH 4.6 by an inorganic acid such as HCl or the provision of a dietary acidifier such as citric acid or acetic acid could enhance growth, feed efficiency and survival of the Nile tilapia.The IJA is a peer-reviewed open-access, electronic journal, freely available without charge to users -Produced by the AquacultureHub non-profit Foundation Sale of IJA papers is strictly forbidden 2 Fabay et al.

Dietary citric acid decreased the theront number of Cryptocaryon irritans (Ciliata) in seawater‐adapted tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

“…Organic acids are employed as growth promoters and for the enhancement of feed conversion efficiency in farm animals, including fish. The utilization of nutrients in fish is known to be improved by organic acids or their salts through two potential mechanisms: first, by lowering gastric pH, which may result in an increase in digestive enzymes and potentially enhance the solubilization of minerals during the digestion process, and second, they may influence the activity of intestinal microbes, potentially generating beneficial substances for nutrient absorption (Fabay et al., 2020). Among the organic acids, citric acid has a non‐corrosive structure and can be found easily and inexpensively.…”

“…Current knowledge on the use of organic acids in aquafeeds, with emphasis on its impacts on growth, nutrient utilization, mineral availability, gut microbiota and disease resistance in aquatic animals has been comprehensively reviewed by Ng and Koh (2017). Lowering the pH of the diet to 4.6 using an inorganic acid such as HCl or incorporating a dietary acidifier such as citric acid or acetic acid has the potential to improve the growth, feed efficiency and survival of the Nile tilapia (Fabay et al., 2020). For example, the supplementation of citric acid has been shown to enhance the growth rate and feed efficiency in Nile tilapia ( O. niloticus ) fingerlings (Al‐Zayat, 2019).…”