Effects of Dietary Phosphorus and Calcium Level on Performance, Bone Mineralization and Carcass Characteristics of Swine

Cromwell, G. L.; Hays, V. W.; Chaney, Carlye; Overfield, J. R.

doi:10.2527/jas1970.304519x

Cited by 61 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…However, it also indicates that the levels of digP required that result in maximum growth rate are not necessarily adequate for bone mineralisation. The requirements for maximising bone strength and bone ash concentration are at least 1 g/kg higher than the requirements for maximum rate of efficiency of gain (Cromwell et al, 1970). In the current experiment, the significant increase in ADGs of pigs offered 25-OHD 3 diets cannot be attributable to increased utilisation of phytate P. However, it may be attributed to the increase in ADFI observed throughout the experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Effects of phytase and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 inclusions on the performance, mineral balance and bone parameters of grower–finisher pigs fed low-phosphorus diets

O’Doherty

Gahan

O’Shea

et al. 2010

Animal

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Two experiments, a performance experiment and a mineral balance study, were conducted on grower-finisher pigs (42 to 101 kg live weight) to investigate the effects of Peniophora lycii phytase enzyme and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 (25-OHD 3 ) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient retention and excretion, and bone and blood parameters. The two experiments were designed as a 2 3 2 factorial (two levels of phytase and two levels of 25-OHD 3 ). The four diets were T1, low-phosphorous diet; T2, T1 1 phytase; T3, T1 1 25-OHD 3 and T4, T1 1 phytase 1 25-OHD 3 diet. In all, 25 mg of 25-OHD 3 was used to replace 1000 IU of vitamin D 3 in diets T3 and T4. Diets were pelleted (708C) and formulated to contain similar concentrations of energy (13.8 MJ DE/kg), lysine (9.5 g/kg) and digestible phosphorus (P; 1.8 g/kg). Neither the inclusion of phytase nor 25-OHD 3 in the diet had any effect on pig performance. There was an interaction between phytase and 25-OHD 3 on calcium (Ca) and P retention ( P , 0.01) and on the apparent digestibility of ash ( P , 0.01), P ( P , 0.001) and Ca ( P , 0.001). Pigs offered phytase diets only, had a higher retention of Ca and P and digestibility of ash ( P , 0.01), P ( P , 0.001) and Ca ( P , 0.01) compared with pigs offered unsupplemented diets. However, when the combination of phytase and 25-OHD 3 were offered, no effects were detected compared with 25-OHD 3 diets only. Pigs fed phytase diets had higher bone ash ( P , 0.01), bone P ( P , 0.01) and bone Ca ( P , 0.05) concentrations compared with pigs offered non-phytase diets. In conclusion, pigs offered phytase diets had a significantly increased bone ash, Ca and P than pigs offered unsupplemented phytase diets. However, there was no advantage to offering a combination of phytase and 25-OHD 3 on either bone strength or mineral status compared to offering these feed additives separately.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…However, the levels that result in maximum growth rate are not necessarily adequate for bone mineralisation. The requirements for maximising bone strength and bone ash concentration are at least 1 g/kg higher than the requirements for maximum rate of efficiency of gain (Cromwell et al, 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Effects of phytase and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 inclusions on the performance, mineral balance and bone parameters of grower–finisher pigs fed low-phosphorus diets

O’Doherty

Gahan

O’Shea

et al. 2010

Animal

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“…Assim, maior deposição de tecido muscular em relação à deposição de gordura pode ter ocorrido nos animais que consumiram níveis mais elevados de Pd. Essa hipótese se baseia nos resultados verificados por Cromwell et al (1970) e Stahly (2007, que concluíram que níveis de fósforo abaixo da exigência em ração para suínos, além de diminuir o GPD e a eficiência alimentar, podem influenciar de forma negativa a relação entre a deposição de proteína e gordura na carcaça, pois aumentam o conteúdo de gordura corporal dos animais. De acordo com Krick et al (1992), o aumento no ganho de peso dos suínos, associado à melhora na conversão alimentar, pode ser justificado principalmente pela maior deposição de tecido protéico.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Variações nos resultados de cinzas ósseas também foram observadas por Cromwell et al (1970). Esses autores, avaliando o teor de cinzas ósseas no metacarpo e no osso da concha nasal de suínos, concluíram que a divergência de resultados foi ocasionada pelo tipo de osso utilizado e sugeriram que o osso da concha nasal é o mais adequado para ser utilizado na estimativa de exigência de Pd dos suínos por ser mais sensível à deficiência de fósforo em comparação a outros tipos ósseos.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Níveis de fósforo disponível em rações para suínos de alto potencial genético para deposição de carne dos 30 aos 60 kg

Saraiva¹,

Donzele²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2009

R. Bras. Zootec.

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RESUMO -Com o objetivo de avaliar níveis de fósforo disponível (Pd) em rações para suínos de alto potencial para deposição de carne, foram utilizadas 60 fêmeas suínas, híbridas comerciais, com peso inicial de 30,0 ± 0,618 kg, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos, seis repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental.Os tratamentos foram constituídos de uma ração basal sem suplementação de fósforo e outras quatro rações, obtidas pela suplementação da ração basal com fosfato bicálcico de forma a se obterem cinco níveis de Pd (0,115; 0,195; 0,275; 0,355 e 0,435%). Não foi observado efeito dos níveis de Pd sobre o consumo de ração. Os níveis de fósforo disponível influenciaram de forma linear o ganho de peso diário (GPD) e a conversão alimentar (CA), de modo que o GPD aumentou até o nível de 0,349%de Pd, permanecendo em um platô. A conversão alimentar diminuiu até 0,345% de Pd, no qual permaneceu em um platô. A resistência óssea, os teores de fósforo nos ossos e a porcentagem de cinzas nos ossos foram influenciados de forma linear crescente pelos níveis de Pd das rações. Não houve efeito dos níveis de Pd das rações sobre a quantidade de cálcio nos ossos.Os níveis de Pd que proporcionam os melhores resultados de ganho de peso e conversão alimentar de fêmeas suínas de alto potencial genético para deposição de carne dos 30 aos 60 kg são, respectivamente, 0,349 e 0,345%, que correspondem a consumos diários estimados de 7,45 e 7,36 g. Palavras-chave: exigência, genótipo, minerais, nutrição, suínos Available phosphorus levels in diets for swine with high genetic potential for meat deposition from 30 to 60 kg ABSTRACT -With the objective of evaluating levels of available phosphorus (AP) in diets for swine with high genetic potential for meat deposition, sixty female commercial hybrid swine were used, with initial weight of 30 ± 0.618 kg, distributed in a completely randomized experimental design, with five treatments, six replications and two animals per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a basal diet without phosphorus supplementation and another four diets obtained by supplementing the basal diet with dicalcium phosphate to obtain five available phosphorus levels (0.115, 0.195, 0.275, 0.355 and 0.435%). No effect of the available phosphorus levels was observed on the feed daily intake. The available phosphorus levels influenced linearly the daily weight gain (DWG) and the feed conversion (FC), and the daily weight gain increased up to the level of 0.349% available phosphorus, and remained on a plateau. The feed conversion decreased to 0.345% of available phosphorous and remained on a plateau. The bone strength, phosphorus levels and ash percentage in the bones linearly increased as available phosphorous levels increased in the rations. There was no effect of the available phosphorous levels of the diets on the amount of calcium in the bones. The available phosphorous levels that showed the best results for daily weight gain and feed conversion in female swine with...

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“…On the other hand, it seems that the negative effects of dietary calcium excess in the diet may not occur if the level of dietary phosphorus is greater than that required for maximum performance (Cromwell et al, 1970). Thus, it is possible that the available phosphorus requirement of pigs will change depending on the calcium concentration in the diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Available phosphorus levels in diets for 30 to 60 kg female pigs selected for meat deposition by maintaining calcium and available phosphorus ratio

Saraiva¹,

Donzele²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2011

R. Bras. Zootec.

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-With the objective to evaluate levels of available phosphorus (aP) in diets for pigs selected for meat deposition by maintaining the calcium and available phosphorus ratio, it was used 50 commercial hybrid female pigs with initial weight of 30.32 ± 0.29 kg, distributed in a complete randomized experimental design, with five treatments, five replicates, and two animals per experimental unit. Treatments were composed of a corn-soybean meal basal diet and four diets obtained by supplementation of basal diet with dicalcium phosphate, resulting in diets with 0.144; 0.224; 0.304; 0.384 and 0.464% of aP.Calcium levels were adjusted by varying the quantities of limestone in the diets. There was no effect of aP on both daily feed intake and feed conversion. Levels of aP affected daily weight gain which increased quadratically up to the estimated level of 0.372%. There was no effect of aP on quantity of phosphorus in the bones. The quantity of calcium in the bones and percentage of ash in the bones were influenced in an increasing linear way by the aP in the rations. The best result of weight gain of swine females, from 30 to 60 kg, genetically selected for meat deposition, is provided by the level of available phosphorus of 0.372%, which corresponds to a relationship with calcium of 2.06:1 and to a daily intake of 8.20 g of available phosphorus.

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Effects of Dietary Phosphorus and Calcium Level on Performance, Bone Mineralization and Carcass Characteristics of Swine

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of phytase and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 inclusions on the performance, mineral balance and bone parameters of grower–finisher pigs fed low-phosphorus diets

Effects of phytase and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 inclusions on the performance, mineral balance and bone parameters of grower–finisher pigs fed low-phosphorus diets

Níveis de fósforo disponível em rações para suínos de alto potencial genético para deposição de carne dos 30 aos 60 kg

Available phosphorus levels in diets for 30 to 60 kg female pigs selected for meat deposition by maintaining calcium and available phosphorus ratio

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