Effects of Dietary Phytosterols on Liver Lipids and Lipid Metabolism Enzymes

Laraki, Loubaba; Pelletier, Xavier; Mourot, Jacques; Debry, G

doi:10.1159/000177760

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…After deamination, the carbon residues from amino acids may contribute to the acetyl‐CoA pool and therefore play a significant metabolic role as a primary substrate for lipogenesis or gluconeogenesis (Moon & Mommsen 1987). The mechanisms mediating the dietary protein quality modulation of de novo fatty acid synthesis are ill‐defined, but the differences in the amino acid composition of the proteins and the levels of certain antinutritional factors have been cited as major factors (Herzberg 1991; Laraki, Pelletier, Mourot & Debry 1993). Experiments with rainbow trout and European seabass have shown that G6PD and ME activities were depressed by SPC‐rich diets (Dias 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soy protein concentrate as a protein source for Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensisKaup 1858) diets: effects on growth and amino acid metabolism of postlarvae

Aragão¹,

Conceição²,

Dias³

et al. 2003

Aquaculture Research

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the e¡ect of a dietary amino acid imbalance, originating from the use of a soy protein concentrate (SPC) as the major protein source, on the growth performance and amino acid metabolism of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) postlarvae. Senegalese sole (85.6724.6 mg wet weight) were fed one of two experimental diets: one based on ¢sh meal (FM) and another based on SPC. Diets were isonitrogenous (around 56% crude protein) and isoenergetic. Diet acceptability was very good and the growth rate was 6.9% day À 1 for sole eating the FM diet and 6.0% day À 1 for sole eating the SPC diet. Mass-speci¢c ammonia excretion and the activities of selected amino acid metabolic enzymes (ALAT, ASAT and GDH) did not present signi¢-cant di¡erences between treatments, although this may have been due to the high variability found for these parameters in the SPC treatment. This variability may suggest di¡erent capacities of individual ¢sh to adapt to the possible methionine dietary de¢-ciency. The utilization of amino acids as a substrate for lipogenesis does not seem to be a¡ected by the dietary protein source, since NAPDH-generating enzymes (G6PD and ME) had similar activities in both treatments. Amino acid metabolism in Senegalese sole postlarvae seems to be slightly a¡ected by the dietary protein source. Nevertheless, the changes induced by the SPC diet do not seem to impair growth, at least at the high dietary protein level used in this experiment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soy protein concentrate as a protein source for Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensisKaup 1858) diets: effects on growth and amino acid metabolism of postlarvae

Aragão¹,

Conceição²,

Dias³

et al. 2003

Aquaculture Research

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“…Plant sterols fed to rats have been reported to reduce plasma total, LDL and VLDL cholesterol and triglyceride and liver cholesterol concentrations and to increase markedly (up four to nine times) liver campesterol and sitosterol contents 235. 236 In hamsters, sitostanol feeding lowered serum and hepatic cholesterol but increased serum campesterol concentration in low‐sitostanol or tallow oil sterol groups, while the hepatic sitosterol level was increased by feeding a synthetic sitostanol mixture 237. In rats, sitostanol feeding in the form of tallow oil sterols lowered LDL cholesterol but increased HDL cholesterol proportionately to LDL cholesterol.…”

Section: Bioavailability and Physiological Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant sterols: biosynthesis, biological function and their importance to human nutrition

Piironen

Lindsay

Miettinen

et al. 2000

J. Sci. Food Agric.

841

291

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Plant sterols are an essential component of the membranes of all eukaryotic organisms. They are either synthesised de novo or taken up from the environment. Their function appears to be to control membrane fluidity and permeability, although some plant sterols have a specific function in signal transduction. The phytosterols are products of the isoprenoid pathway. The dedicated pathway to sterol synthesis in photosynthetic plants occurs at the squalene stage through the activity of squalene synthetase. Although the activity of 3‐hydroxymethyl‐3‐glutaryl coenzyme A (HGMR) is rate‐limiting in the synthesis of cholesterol, this does not appear to be the case with the plant sterols. Up‐regulation of HGMR appears to increase the biosynthesis of cycloartenol but not the Δ5‐sterols. A decline in sterol synthesis is associated with a suppression of squalene synthetase activity, which is probably a critical point in controlling carbon flow and end‐product formation. The major post‐squalene biosynthetic pathway is regulated by critical rate‐limiting steps such as the methylation of cycloartenol into cycloeucalenol. Little is known about the factors controlling the biosynthesis of the end‐point sterol esters or stanols. The commonly consumed plant sterols are sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol which are predominantly supplied by vegetable oils. The oils are a rich source of the steryl esters. Less important sources of sterols are cereals, nuts and vegetables. The nutritional interest derives from the fact that the sterols have a similar structure to cholesterol, and have the capacity to lower plasma cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Since the morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease have been dramatically reduced using cholesterol‐lowering drugs (statins), the interest in plant sterols lies in their potential to act as a natural preventive dietary product. Stanols (saturated at C‐5) occur in low amounts in the diet and are equally effective in lowering plasma cholesterol and do not cause an increase in plasma levels, unlike the sterols which can be detected in plasma. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…Furthermore, chemical analysis has also revealed that MC has many phytochemicals which may delay gastric transient time, and function to prevented damage to key tissues (pancreas, liver) involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism (Krochmal et al, 2004;Kumar Shetty et al, 2005;Laraki et al, 1993;Lau et al, 1998;Matsuda et al, 1999a,b;Murakami et al, 2001;Parkash et al, 2002;Sathishsekar and Subramanian, 2005;Wang and Ng, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No effect of acute, single dose oral administration of Momordica charantia Linn., on glycemia, energy expenditure and appetite: A pilot study in non-diabetic overweight men

Kasbia

ARNASON

Imbeault

2009

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Effects of Dietary Phytosterols on Liver Lipids and Lipid Metabolism Enzymes

Cited by 34 publications

References 13 publications

Soy protein concentrate as a protein source for Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensisKaup 1858) diets: effects on growth and amino acid metabolism of postlarvae

Soy protein concentrate as a protein source for Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensisKaup 1858) diets: effects on growth and amino acid metabolism of postlarvae

Plant sterols: biosynthesis, biological function and their importance to human nutrition

No effect of acute, single dose oral administration of Momordica charantia Linn., on glycemia, energy expenditure and appetite: A pilot study in non-diabetic overweight men

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