Effects of dietary protein on gut development, microbial compositions and mucin expressions in mice

Abstract

Aims: Dietary protein, as an important macronutrient, widely participates in host growth and metabolism. In this study, effects of different protein levels (14, 20 and 26%) on the gut development, microbial compositions and mucin expressions were studied in C57BL/6 mice. Methods and Results:The results showed that body weight and the relative weight of stomach and gut were decreased in low-protein diet-fed mice, whereas highprotein diet significantly reduced the villus length and area of jejunum. Goblet cells number in the jejunum was reduced in the low-protein group, which was reversed by dietary a high-protein diet. In addition, high-protein diet notably reduced microbial diversity and changed the microbial compositions at the phylum level, such as Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes and Deferribacteres. Furthermore, highprotein diet significantly increased mucin2, mucin3 and mucin4 expressions in the jejunum, but downregulated mucin1, mucin2, mucin4 and TFF3 in the ileum, indicating a tissue-dependent manner.Conclusions: Together, high-protein diet may impair gut development, microbial balance and mucin system, and a low-protein diet is suggested to promote a healthy lifestyle.Significance and Impact of Study: Mucin influenced gut development (villus index and goblet cell number) through remodelling gut microbes, as low and high protein levels resulted in contrary expression levels of mucin in jejunum and ileum.

Both host and diet shape bacterial communities of predatory mites

“…Consistent with many studies, diet can introduce different bacteria to the hosts (Anderson et al, 2012;Tang et al, 2012;Deb et al, 2019). In mammals, high-protein diet notably reduced microbial diversity and changed the microbial compositions at the phylum level (Li et al, 2022). In panda, butyrate-producing bacterium Clostridium butyricum was more abundant in gut during shoot-eating season than leaf-eating season (Huang et al, 2022).…”

“…In mammals, high‐protein diet notably reduced microbial diversity and changed the microbial compositions at the phylum level (Li et al. , 2022). In panda, butyrate‐producing bacterium Clostridium butyricum was more abundant in gut during shoot‐eating season than leaf‐eating season (Huang et al.…”

The Effects of Dietary Resveratrol and β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyric Acid Supplementation at Two Protein Levels on the Ruminal Microbiome and Metabolome of Tibetan Sheep

“…The LPS levels in the H-RES-HMB group were lower than those in the other three groups, resulting in a decrease in the abundance of Proteobacteria in this group. It has been reported that highprotein diets alter the abundance of Proteobacteria [56]. Current studies have shown that Proteobacteria are involved in metabolic disorders and inflammatory bowel disease [57], while RES and HMB supplements have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties that may contribute to the reduced abundance of the Proteobacteria microflora [44].…”