Effects of Dietary Starch Structure on Growth Performance, Serum Glucose–Insulin Response, and Intestinal Health in Weaned Piglets

Abstract

To investigate the effects of dietary starch structure (amylose/amylopectin ratio, AR) on serum glucose absorption metabolism and intestinal health, a total of ninety weaned piglets (Duroc × (Yorkshire × Landrace)) were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments and fed with a diet containing different AR (2.90, 1.46, 0.68, 0.31, and 0.14). The trial lasted for 21 d. In this study, the growth performance was not affected by the dietary starch structure (p > 0.05). Diets with higher amylose ratios (i.e., AR 2.90 and 1.46) led to a significant reduction of the serum glucose concentration at 3 h post-prandium (p < 0.01), while high amylopectin diets (AR 0.31 and 0.14) significantly elevated The expression of gene s at this time point (p < 0.01). High amylopectin diets also increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), and crude ash (p < 0.001). Interestingly, diet rich in amylose (AR 2.90) significantly elevated the butyric acid content (p < 0.05) and decreased the pH value (p < 0.05) in the cecal digesta. In contrast, diet rich in amylopectin (i.e., AR 0.14) significantly elevated the total bacteria populations in the cecal digesta (p < 0.001). Moreover, a high amylopectin diet (AR 0.14) tended to elevate the mRNA level of fatty acid synthase (FAS, p = 0.083), but significantly decreased the mRNA level of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1, p < 0.05) in the duodenal and jejunal mucosa, respectively. These results suggested that blood glucose and insulin concentrations were improved in high AR diets, and the diet also helped to maintain the intestinal health.

A Metagenomic Insight Into the Hindgut Microbiota and Their Metabolites for Dairy Goats Fed Different Rumen Degradable Starch

“…In our experiment, the increased cecal amylose concentration in LRDS-fed goats is speculated to be related to the more uniform distribution at each site of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Previous studies show that high amylose increased cecal SCFAs concentrations in rats and piglets ( Nagata et al, 2019 ; Gao et al, 2020 ). Our study further verified that feeding diets with different RDS levels could alter the hindgut digesta composition of dairy goats thereby influencing the synthesis of SCFAs.…”

“…Succinivibrionaceae and Succinivibrio have been proven to be positively correlated with the propionate concentration in rumen, the one reason is that the genus Succinivibrio could promote the digestion of cellulose and hemicellulose, another reason is succinate can be further decarboxylated to form propionate (Pope et al, 2011;Sun et al, 2016;Ren et al, 2019). Previous study found that the concentration of propionate in the hindgut was higher in pigs fed with a high amylose starch diet (Gao et al, 2020). Considering Succinivibrionaceae and Succinivibrio were both positively correlated with the molar proportion of propionate, we speculated that the MRDS group with appropriate amounts of RDS in the hindgut could promote the synthesis of propionate.…”

The Optimal Combination of Dietary Starch, Non-Starch Polysaccharides, and Mannan-Oligosaccharide Increases the Growth Performance and Improves Butyrate-Producing Bacteria of Weaned Pigs

“…Yet, the content of NSP in the T3 diet was the same, and the levels of MOS in the T3 diet was higher than the T6 diet, while no difference was observed on growth performance between them. A previous report in our laboratory observed that piglets fed the high AM diet had significantly decreased nutrient digestibility [ 40 ]. Thus, the reason may be that the starch AM/AP in T3 was greater than T6, and too much amylose impaired the nutrient digestibility.…”

A modified high-fat diet and its effect on histopathological features of mice liver as an alternative diet for animal model of liver cell damage

“…The diet contains a high amount of starch, and commercial feeds result in excess calories and contribute to obesity and insulin resistance. Additionally, obesity may influence fat accumulation in the liver by adiponectin levels (fatty acid oxidation), and insulin resistance contributes to hepar damage by increasing de novo lipogenesis (Zheng et al, 2015;Gao et al, 2020). This resulted in all groups (control and experiment) in Fig.…”