Effects of dietary supplementation of potential probioticBacillus subtilisVSG1 singularly or in combination withLactobacillus plantarumVSG3 or/andPseudomonas aeruginosaVSG2 on the growth, immunity and disease resistance ofLabeo rohita

Abstract

Labeo rohita fingerlings were fed for 60 days with basal diet (BD) or one of the following experimental diets: DI (BD + B. subtilis); DII (BD + B. subtilis + L. plantarum); DIII (BD + B. subtilis + P. aeruginosa) and DIV (BD + B. subtilis + P. aeruginosa + L. plantarum). Various growth and immune parameters were examined at 30 and 60 days postfeeding. The fish group fed DIV diet had better improvement (P < 0.05) in weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the control and other treatment groups. The serum lysozyme activities, alternative complement pathway activity, phagocytic activity and respiratory burst activity in head kidney macrophages of L. rohita increased significantly in the experimental groups throughout the trial period. Superoxide dismutase increased significantly in the experimental groups, except DI fed group, after 60 days of feeding. A significant improvement in serum IgM level was observed in the treatment groups at 30 days of feeding only. Further, fish fed the DIV diet had highest (P < 0.05) postchallenge survival rate (86.6%), followed by DII (73.3%) and DIII (66.6%) against A. hydrophila infection. Considering these promising results, we suggest that a multi‐species probiotic supplementation in equal proportions for 60 days can effectively improve growth and immunity of L. rohita.

Effects of dietary Bacillus cereus G19, B. cereus BC-01, and Paracoccus marcusii DB11 supplementation on the growth, immune response, and expression of immune-related genes in coelomocytes and intestine of the sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)

“…These results were in agreement with a previously reported study by Zhao et al [17], in which sea cucumbers fed a diet supplemented with Bacillus subtilis T13. Enhanced phagocytosis and/or respiratory burst activities were also observed in the leukocytes of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) [48] and the head kidney macrophages of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) [49] and Labeo rohita [50] when fed diets supplemented with Bacillus spp. The phosphatase enzymes are capable of hydrolyzing organic phosphate esters.…”

Role of Bacillus licheniformis VS16-Derived Biosurfactant in Mediating Immune Responses in Carp Rohu and its Application to the Food Industry

“…Similarly, cellular components of the probiotics Kocuria SM1 and Rhodococcus SM2 increased IgM levels in Oncorhynchus mykiss (Sharifuzzaman et al, 2011). Earlier studies demonstrated that probiotic supplementation increased IgM levels in fish at an initial time point; however, at later time points, these levels declined (Sun et al, 2010; Giri et al, 2013, 2014). In this study, IgM levels increased initially and thereafter they decreased gradually, suggesting that IgM increases is a temporary phenomenon attributable to immunostimulants.…”

“…IgM is the predominant antibody type in fish. It is used to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses (Giri et al, 2014). Similarly, cellular components of the probiotics Kocuria SM1 and Rhodococcus SM2 increased IgM levels in Oncorhynchus mykiss (Sharifuzzaman et al, 2011).…”

Effect of a Probiotic Containing Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis and Ferroin Solution on Growth Performance, Body Composition and Haematological Parameters in Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) Fry

“…Lactobacillus and Cornobacterium), the genus Bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria (e.g. Rhodobacter sphaeroides), yeasts, Pseudomonas or Vibrio, though other genera and/or species have also been used [3,20,25,28,38]. Iron (Fe) is an essential element in the cellular respiratory process through its oxidation-reduction and electron transfer activities.…”