Effects of diets containing Cissus rotundifolia flour on lipid profile of rats and postprandial glucose levels of normoglycemic human adults

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of Cissus rotundifolia (CR), on the lipid profile of rats and postprandial blood glucose level of normoglycemic human adults. CR flour was processed using traditional Nigerian method of processing. The animal experiment involved male Sprague-Dawley rats fed for 14 days with hypercholesterolemic diet of corn oil, cholesterol, casein, mineral mix, vitamin mix, sucrose, solka floc and corn starch blended together and served as control diet (CD). The experimental diet (CRD) was CR flour added to the CD to provide 10 g total dietary fibre per 100 g but maintained similar amount of protein and fat levels as the CD. At the end of the 14 days of feeding, the rats were sacrificed and the plasma lipid levels measured. The human study involved 10 healthy subjects who fasted overnight for 12 h. Control bread meal (CB) was two whole wheat bread rolls, apricot jam, and sufficient water. Cissus rotundifolia based bread (CRB) substituted whole wheat in the test meal. Each meal contained 75 g available carbohydrate (CHO). The test meal also provided 6 g soluble non-starch polysaccharide (SNSP). The subjects were fed the CB and CRB on two separate days. Venous blood sample was taken at fasting and postprandially for 2.5 h and analyzed for plasma glucose and insulin levels. Analysis of variance and repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the data from the animal and human experiments, respectively. The result of the rat study showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction on the fasting plasma cholesterol and a reduction in the triglyceride levels of rats fed the CRD compared to the CD. The human study showed that CRB elicited a significant (p<0.05) decrease in plasma glucose level and insulin at 150 and 90 min, respectively. A significant reduction (p<0.005) was found in the area under the curves (AUC) with CRB compared to the CB. It was concluded that CR could be useful in modulating blood glucose levels in humans.

Analysis of Nutritional Quality and Bioactive Components of Cissusrotundifolia, Cyphostemma Digitatum and Cissus Quadrangularis (Vitaceae)

“…The extremely low inhibitory activity of C. digitatum leaves was demonstrated by their extraordinarily high IC50 value in comparison to the other extracts and the positive control. Onyechi and Ibeanu (2016) proposed that the flour from C. rotundifolia has biologically beneficial properties that can be used to treat non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. According to Alkhateeb (2022), the natural food made from C. digitatum has anti-diabetic properties when used to treat a rat model of diabetes.…”

Elemental, phytochemical, and toxicological assessment of Cissus rotundifolia (Forssk.) Vahl

“…(Vitaceae) is a wild, edible medicinal plant that grows in various regions of East and Central Africa, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Egypt, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and South Africa. 9,10 The plant has several biological activities, including antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fertility, antiulcerative, anti-parasitic, antimalarial, and cytotoxicity. 9,[11][12][13] Previous phytochemical studies on C. rotundifolia resulted in the characterisation of a triterpene, flavonoids, steroidal saponin, cissuxinoside, and cissoic acid.…”

“…9,15 The plant is also used as a cheap thickening agent. 10 The leaves and fruits of C. rotundifolia collected from different regions of Saudi Arabia, and Yemen were reported to contain enough essential nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and amino acids. [15][16][17][18] The mineral composition of the stem of C. rotundifolia and the impact of soil quality on elemental distribution in this plant have not been reported.…”