Effects of different backbone binders on the characteristics of zirconia parts using wax-based binder system via ceramic injection molding

Wen, Jiaxin; Xie, Zhipeng; Cao, Wenbin; Yang, Xianfeng

doi:10.1007/s40145-016-0205-1

Cited by 37 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The same effect was obtained by Jiaxin Wen and collaborators for kerosene. The observed cracking was explained by them as result of EVA large volume swelling during solvent debinding [ 20 ]. On the basis of this information, the swelling effect of the EVA copolymer in heptane was tested.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Properties of Co-Cr-Mo Alloy Manufactured by Powder Injection Molding Method

et al. 2021

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Cobalt–chromium–molybdenum alloys samples were obtained by the powder injection molding method (PIM). PIM is dedicated to the mass production of components and can manufacture several grades of dental screws, bolts, stabilizers, or implants. As a skeleton component, ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA copolymer) with a low temperature of processing and softening point was used. The choice of a low-temperature binder made it necessary to use a coarse ceramic powder as a mechanical support of the green sample during sintering. The injection-molded materials were thermally degraded in N2 or Ar-5%H2 and further sintered in N2-5%H2 or Ar-5%H2 at 1300 or 1350 °C for 30 min. The structure of the obtained samples was characterized by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Mechanical properties, including hardness and three-point bending tests, confirmed that a nitrogen-rich atmosphere significantly increases the bending strength compared to the material manufactured in Ar-5%H2. This is due to the precipitation of numerous fine nitrides and intermetallic phases that strengthen the ductile γ-phase matrix.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Properties of Co-Cr-Mo Alloy Manufactured by Powder Injection Molding Method

et al. 2021

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“…In the literature, Wen et al obtained zirconia relative densities of 97.4%, 97.5%, and 98.6% for feedstocks respectively based on HDPE, PP, and HDPE/PP backbone binders [ 33 ]. They concluded that multi-polymer-based feedstocks presented higher densification ability.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wen et al employed EVA, PP, LDPE, HDPE, and their blends as backbone binders in feedstocks containing paraffin wax as plasticizer [ 33 ]. Using scanning electron microscopy and deviation of density, they concluded that feedstocks composed of multiple backbone binders, such as LDPE/HDPE or PP/HDPE, present the more homogenous structure after mixing, leading to the highest densification ability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Polymer Binders on the Structure of Highly Filled Zirconia Feedstocks

et al. 2020

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The impact of polypropylene and high-density polyethylene backbone binders on the structure of organic matrix, feedstock, and ceramic parts is investigated in terms of morphology in this paper. The miscibility of wax with polyethylene and polypropylene is investigated in the molten state via a rheological study, revealing wax full miscibility with high-density polyethylene and restricted miscibility with polypropylene. Mercury porosimetry measurements realized after wax extraction allow the characterization of wax dispersion in both neat organic blends and zirconia filled feedstocks. Miscibility differences in the molten state highly impact wax dispersion in backbone polymers after cooling: wax is preferentially located in polyethylene phase, while it is easily segregated from polypropylene phase, leading to the creation of large cracks during solvent debinding. The use of a polyethylene/polypropylene ratio higher than 70/30 hinders wax segregation and favors its homogeneous dispersion in organic binder. As zirconia is added to organic blends containing polyethylene, polypropylene, and wax, the pore size distribution created by wax extraction is shifted towards smaller pores. Above zirconia percolation at 40 vol%, the pore size distribution becomes sharp attesting of wax homogeneous dispersion. As the PP content in the organic binder decreases from 100% to 0%, the pore size distribution is reduced of 30%, leading to higher densification ability. In order to ensure a maximal densification of the final ceramic, polyethylene/polypropylene ratios with a minimum content of 70% of high-density polyethylene should be employed.

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“…The next stage is the process of pouring the finished mold with liquid metal and cleaning the resulting casting [1][2][3][4]. In the industry, for the described technology, there is a large variety of model masses, which are mostly waxes [5][6][7][8][9][10]. Chakravorty et al [13] proposed the division of waxes into three groups: natural waxes (waxes from bees, candelilla, carnauba, rice, cane), hydrocarbon waxes (ozocerite, ceresin, paraffine), and synthetic waxes (resins, amide, castor wax), as well as unfilled waxes and filled waxes, which, despite being non-Newtonian liquids [14], usually show similar behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it cannot be used again for the production of the model mass because there is a danger that it contains particles of foreign materials or ceramic mass. This may lead to unevenness on the surface of the model or to other surface defects, which can cause shortcomings [4,10,[15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyethylene Wax Modified by Organoclay Bentonite Used in the Lost-Wax Casting Process: Processing−Structure−Property Relationships

et al. 2020

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In this paper, the influence of bentonite (BNT) on rheological properties, linear shrinkage, hardness, and structure of polyethylene wax (PE-wax) used in the lost-wax casting process are studied. Experiments were conducted with PE-wax with different contents of bentonite (from 0.1 to 5 wt.%). The structural changes of modified polyethylene wax were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The addition of bentonite in a concentration range between 0 and 0.8 wt.% into PE-wax caused a decrease of the linear shrinkage and the hardness of PE-wax/BNT blends. Modified polyethylene wax containing greater than 1 wt.% of the filler showed an increase in viscosity. The DSC-based investigations confirmed good miscibility and a uniform structure of PE-wax with BNT. Moreover, an increase in melting temperature onset and its enthalpy observed for filler PE-wax material showed an influence of bentonite on the crystalline structure of the polymeric matrix. SEM observations of the fractured surfaces confirmed the homogeneous structure of blends with contents up to 0.8 wt.% BNT. In the case of higher filler concentrations, the presence of more numerous and large clusters of filler in the polymer matrix was observed due to the increase in the viscosity of the PE-wax/BNT melt composition during mixing. The PE-wax blend with 0.4 wt.% BNT gives better results of reduced linear shrinkage and lower hardness than unmodified material. Lastly, a new developed material (PE-wax/0.4 BNT) was subjected to technological tests, consisting of the preparation of the mold and manufacture of a high-quality aluminum cast, using the lost-wax method.

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Effects of different backbone binders on the characteristics of zirconia parts using wax-based binder system via ceramic injection molding

Cited by 37 publications

References 19 publications

Structure and Properties of Co-Cr-Mo Alloy Manufactured by Powder Injection Molding Method

Structure and Properties of Co-Cr-Mo Alloy Manufactured by Powder Injection Molding Method

Impact of Polymer Binders on the Structure of Highly Filled Zirconia Feedstocks

Polyethylene Wax Modified by Organoclay Bentonite Used in the Lost-Wax Casting Process: Processing−Structure−Property Relationships

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