Effects of different fractions of whey protein on postprandial lipid and hormone responses in type 2 diabetes

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Exacerbated postprandial lipid responses are associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. Dietary proteins influence postprandial lipemia differently, and whey protein has a preferential lipid-lowering effect. We compared the effects of different whey protein fractions on postprandial lipid and hormone responses added to a high-fat meal in type 2 diabetic subjects. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 12 type 2 diabetic subjects ingested four isocaloric test meals in randomized order. The test meals contained 100 g of butter and 45 g of carbohydrate in combination with 45 g of whey isolate (iso-meal), whey hydrolysate (hydromeal), a-lactalbumin enhanced whey (lac-meal) or caseinoglycomacropeptide enhanced whey (CGMP-meal). Plasma concentrations of triglyceride, retinyl palmitate, free fatty acid, insulin, glucose, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide were measured before and at regular intervals until 8-h postprandially. RESULTS: We found no statistical significant differences between meals on our primary variable triglyceride. The retinyl palmitate response was higher after the hydro-meal than after the iso-and lac-meal in the chylomicron-rich fraction (P ¼ 0.008) while no significant differences were found in the chylomicron-poor fraction. The hydro-and iso-meal produced a higher insulin response compared with the lac-and CGMP-meal (Po0.001). Otherwise no significant differences in the hormone responses were found in the incremental area under the curve over the 480-min period. CONCLUSIONS: A supplement of four different whey protein fractions to a fat-rich meal had similar effects on postprandial triglyceride responses in type 2 diabetic subjects. Whey isolate and whey hydrolysate caused a higher insulin response.

Can milk proteins be a useful tool in the management of cardiometabolic health? An updated review of human intervention trials

“…Milk proteins have been extensively investigated for their insulinotropic and glucose-lowering effects in healthy subjects (73,75,82,83,(90)(91)(92)(93)(94)(95)(96)(97)(98)(99) and to a limited extent in individuals with suboptimal glucose control (100)(101)(102)(103)(104)(105)(106) . The dose varied significantly between studies from as little as 10 g (92,105,106) -51 g (91) .…”

Esophageal and Gastric Dysmotilities are Associated with Altered Glucose Homeostasis and Plasma Levels of Incretins and Leptin

“…In general, fat is a major determinant of the postprandial responses of gut peptides. Accordingly, studies have shown that both carbohydrate and fat content are of importance for the postprandial response of GLP-1 and GIP in healthy subjects and in patients with diabetes type 2 [19,20,21]. The effects of type 1 diabetes on incretin secretion or its effects after a fat-rich meal have been less well studied.…”

“…However, the influence of gastrointestinal dysmotility or autonomic neuropathy on incretin or leptin secretion has not been fully elucidated in diabetes [6,7,15,20,21], although these hormones have been shown to affect gastrointestinal motility, and are influenced by idiopathic gastroparesis [8,11,16].…”

Emerging trends in nutraceutical applications of whey protein and its derivatives

“…Whey protein fractions (whey isolate and whey hydrolysate) added to a fat-rich meal lowered postprandial triglyceride responses in type 2 diabetic subjects. Both components provoked a higher insulin response (Mortensen et al 2012). A hydrolyzed whey protein-based supplement was fed to rats for 30 days.…”