Effects of Different Levels of Cigarette Smoke Exposure on Prognostic Heart Rate and Rate—Pressure-Product Parameters

Unverdorben, Martin; Bijl, Anina van der; Potgieter, Linda; Venter, Cornea; Munjal, Sagar; Liang, Qiwei; Meyer, B. H.; Röthig, H J

doi:10.1177/1074248408321571

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In our study, the maximum HR reached during the exertion test of the active smoker group was lower compared with the others, as observed by Unverdorben et al [45]. Smokers who suffer from chronotropic incompetence have a significantly increased risk of death and coronary disease, and HR is an important predictor of all-cause mortality [46].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

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The influence of active and passive smoking on the cardiorespiratory fitness of adults

Borba

Jost

Gass

et al. 2014

Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine

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BackgroundThe aim of this study was to analyze the influence of active and passive smoking on cardiorespiratory responses in asymptomatic adults during a sub-maximal-exertion incremental test.MethodsThe participants (n = 43) were divided into three different groups: active smokers (n = 14; aged 36.5 ± 8 years), passive smokers (n = 14; aged 34.6 ± 11.9 years) and non-smokers (n = 15; aged 30 ± 8.1 years). They all answered the Test for Nicotine Dependence and underwent anthropometric evaluation, spirometry and ergospirometry according to the Bruce Treadmill Protocol.ResultsVO2max differed statistically between active and non-smokers groups (p < 0.001) and between non-smokers and passive group (p=0.022). However, there was no difference between the passive and active smokers groups (p=0.053). Negative and significant correlations occurred between VO2max and age (r = - 0.401, p = 0.044), percentage of body fat (r = - 0.429, p = 0.011), and waist circumference (WC) (r = - 0.382, p = 0.025).ConclusionVO2max was significantly higher in non-smokers compared to active smokers and passive smokers. However, the VO2max of passive smokers did not differ from active smokers.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Unverdorben et al [45] observed higher HR and resting SAP in active smokers than in non-smokers. This fact can be explained by the action of nicotine, which activates the sympathetic nervous system, leading to the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of active and passive smoking on the cardiorespiratory fitness of adults

Borba

Jost

Gass

et al. 2014

Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine

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“…Further publications document additional testing on the generation of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) (Frost-Pineda et al, 2008a;Tricker et al, 2009) and clinical evaluations (Feng et al, 2006;Frost-Pineda et al, 2008b,c;Oey et al, 2003;Roethig et al, 2002Roethig et al, , 2005Roethig et al, , 2007Roethig et al, , 2008Unverdorben et al, 2005aUnverdorben et al, ,b, 2007Unverdorben et al, , 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Reduced exposure evaluation of an Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System. Part 2: Smoke chemistry and in vitro toxicological evaluation using smoking regimens reflecting human puffing behavior

Zenzen

Diekmann

Gerstenberg

et al. 2012

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

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Chemical analysis of up to 49 harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHC) in mainstream smoke, in vitro cytotoxicity of the particulate and gas/vapor phase of mainstream smoke determined in the Neutral Red Uptake assay, and in vitro bacterial mutagenicity of the particulate phase determined in the Salmonella typhimurium Reverse Mutation (Ames) assay are reported for three Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System (EHCSS) series-K cigarettes, the University of Kentucky Reference Cigarette 2R4F, and a number of comparator commercial conventional lit-end cigarettes (CC) under ISO machine-smoking conditions and a total of 25 additional smoking regimens reflecting 'human puffing behavior' (HPB). The smoking machines were set to deliver nicotine yields for the EHCSS and comparator CC derived from the 10th percentile to the 90th percentile of nicotine uptake distributions in smokers determined in two clinical studies. Duplication of the smoking intensity 'per cigarette' on a smoking machine may provide an insight into product performance that is directly relevant to obtaining scientific evidence for reduced exposure substantiation based on mainstream cigarette smoke HPHC-to-nicotine regressions. The reported data support an overall evaluation of reduced exposure to HPHC and biological activity.

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“…Clinical evaluations also confirmed reduced exposure to selected HPHC and reduced excretion of mutagenic material in urine . Further clinical evaluations concluded that switching from CC to the second-generation EHCSS-JLI cigarette improved prognostic markers for cardiac disease assessed by symptom-limited spiroergometry (Unverdorben et al, 2007), heart rate and rate-pressure-product parameters (Unverdorben et al, 2008) after three days of product switching.…”

Section: The Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System (Ehcss)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced exposure evaluation of an Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System. Part 1: Non-clinical and clinical insights

Schorp

Tricker

Dempsey

2012

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

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The following series of papers presents an extensive assessment of the Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System EHCSS series-K cigarette vs. conventional lit-end cigarettes (CC) as an example for an extended testing strategy for evaluation of reduced exposure. The EHCSS produces smoke through electrical heating of tobacco. The EHCSS series-K heater was designed for exclusive use with EHCSS cigarettes, and cannot be used to smoke (CC). Compared to the University of Kentucky Reference Research cigarette 2R4F and a series of commercial CC, mainstream cigarette smoke of both the non-menthol and menthol-flavored EHCSS cigarettes showed a reduced delivery of a series of selected harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHC), mutagenic activity determined using the Salmonella typhimurium Reverse Mutation (Ames) assay, and cytotoxicity in the Neutral Red Uptake Assay. Clinical evaluations confirmed reduced exposure to HPHC and excretion of mutagenic material under controlled clinical conditions. Reductions in HPHC exposure were confirmed in a real-world ambulatory clinical study. Potential biomarkers of cardiovascular risk were also reduced under real-world ambulatory conditions. A modeling approach, 'nicotine bridging', was developed based on the determination of nicotine exposure in clinical evaluations which indicated that exposure to HPHC for which biomarkers of exposure do not exist would also be reduced.

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Effects of Different Levels of Cigarette Smoke Exposure on Prognostic Heart Rate and Rate—Pressure-Product Parameters

Cited by 17 publications

References 46 publications

The influence of active and passive smoking on the cardiorespiratory fitness of adults

The influence of active and passive smoking on the cardiorespiratory fitness of adults

Reduced exposure evaluation of an Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System. Part 2: Smoke chemistry and in vitro toxicological evaluation using smoking regimens reflecting human puffing behavior

Reduced exposure evaluation of an Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System. Part 1: Non-clinical and clinical insights

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